华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2017, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 60-69.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2017.01.007

• 历史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

葡萄牙海洋帝国宗教裁判所的历史(1536-1821)

顾卫民   

  1. 华东师范大学历史系, 上海, 200241
  • 出版日期:2017-01-13 发布日期:2017-02-18
  • 作者简介:顾卫民,华东师范大学历史系教授,博士生导师(上海,200241)。

The History of the Inquisition in the Ocean Empire of Portugal(1536-1821)

GU Wei-min   

  • Online:2017-01-13 Published:2017-02-18
  • About author: GU Wei-min

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摘要：

葡萄牙宗教裁判所是地理大发现时代葡萄牙国内贯彻反宗教改革运动的一个重要机构，它以监视和迫害境内有犹太人血统并被迫改宗的所谓“新基督徒”为主要活动，同时也针对其他具有“异端”和自由思想的作家以及违背基督教“正统”传统习俗的社会行为。葡萄牙宗教裁判所起源于1530年代反宗教改革的盛期，在17世纪，它对“异端”的迫害活动达到高峰，在18世纪中叶蓬巴尔侯爵改革时期受到沉重的打击，最后于19世纪早期消亡。葡萄牙宗教裁判所抑制了葡萄牙文艺复兴的思潮，迫使大批有犹太人背景并拥有经济实力的“新基督徒”流亡国外，这使得葡萄牙在与荷兰及英国的商业竞争中最终归于失败。

关键词: 葡萄牙, 宗教裁判所, 反宗教改革史, "新基督徒"

Abstract:

The Portuguese Inquisition was a very important institution of the Counter-Reformation in the Age of Exploration. Its main task was to supervise and persecute the Jewish "protestants" who were forced to be converted. It also targeted at writers with "heterodox ideas" or a freethinking mind as well as social behaviors against "orthodox" Christianity. The Portuguese Inquisition was first established in the prime of the Counter-Reformation in 1530s. While its prosecution towards the "heterodoxy" reached a high peak in the 17th century, it was severely attacked during the reform of the Marquis of Baltimore in the mid-18th century and finally eliminated in the early 19th century. The Portuguese Inquisition restrained the trend of Renaissance in Portugal, forced millions of wealthy Jewish "protestants" to emigrate and led to the failure of Portugal in its commercial competition with the Netherlands and the U.K..

Key words: Portugal, the Inquisition, history of Counter-Reformation