华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 96-105.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2018.02.013

• 中国史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

历史国情与制度设计——章太炎《代议然否论》再解读

王锐   

  1. 华东师范大学历史系, 上海 200241
  • 出版日期:2018-03-15 发布日期:2018-03-27
  • 作者简介:王锐,历史学博士,华东师范大学历史系讲师(上海,200241)。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市教育委员会科研创新计划重大项目"重构中国:中国现代史学的知识谱系(1901-1949)"(项目编号:2017-01-07-00-05-E00029)

Historical Conditions and System Design: Reinterpretation of ZHANG Tai-yan's Pro and Con of Representative Democracy

WANG Rui   

  • Online:2018-03-15 Published:2018-03-27

摘要: 在《代议然否论》一文里,章太炎一方面反对在未来的中国制度建设中移植近代西方的代议制度,一方面借鉴中西政治学说,思考如何构建一种达到真正保障民权的制度。他认为制度建设与历史流变息息相关,代议制度产生于西方近代早期特定的历史背景里,这和中国古代社会与政治的情形大不相同,因此不可轻易比附。此外,他强调制度设计应顾及中国地域广袤、区域发展不平衡的现状,同时避免新的制度成为豪右与资本家压榨平民的新工具。章太炎所强调的制度设计应实事求是地从历史流变与基本国情出发,这是后来的中国革命所必须面对的一个重要的时代命题。

关键词: 章太炎, 《代议然否论》, 历史, 国情

Abstract: When discussing whether representative democracy is suitable for China, ZHANG Tai-yan thought that representative democracy is related to the feudal system in the West in middle ages, but after the Wei-jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, no hereditary power existed in China, so it's unsuitable to transplant the representative system from the West, which will form a special power group. Besides, ZHANG pointed out that system construction should be in accordance with the fundamental conditions in China. Under the situation that China was a large country with vast land and millions of people and the development of different regions was imbalanced, those who were possible to be elected as representatives could only be the rich who would not voice for the rights of common people. Therefore, he designed an ideal system, hoping that this system can really embody democracy, overcome the defects of modern capitalist regime, so as to the idea of civil power can be actually rooted in China on the one hand and national unity and political identity can be achieved on the other.

Key words: ZHANG Tai-yan, Pro and Con of Representative Democracy, historical conditions, conditions of China