华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (6): 1-13.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.06.001

• 特稿 •    下一篇

观念的力量及其实现

高瑞泉   

  1. 华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所 上海, 200241
  • 出版日期:2019-11-15 发布日期:2019-11-25
  • 作者简介:高瑞泉,华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所教授,博士生导师(上海,200241)。

The Power of Ideas: Its Realization and Restrictions

GAO Rui-quan   

  • Online:2019-11-15 Published:2019-11-25

摘要: 作为一项哲学活动的观念史,关注特定文化中"固定化的思想‘产品’"的大观念之解释及其历史衍变。从事该项研究的兴趣与动力,大部分来自观念具有力量的信念。重要的社会观念起源于对社会关系的解释,又重塑社会关系。它们既可以表现为说服的力量或理想的感化力量,又可以表现为强制性力量乃至暴力。观念的力量来源于其不同于"概念"的构成性特征,即从逻辑分析的角度看似乎"不明确"或"模糊";因而其中的丰富含义并非单纯思议的成果,而总带有情感、意欲等要素。观念继续其思议历程的要求,会推动理论化的表达直至哲学的系统建构,它有助于增强观念的说服力;观念中情感和意图等要素则不但使其具有感化的力量,而且具有推动建制活动实现为物化的力量。观念从个体到群体的传播是其力量之实现的必要条件,在现代社会常因引发思潮而放大,观念本身则可能发生知识的变形。观念的力量之实现终究要受社会条件的制约。

关键词: 观念, 观念史, 观念的力量, 说服的力量, 强制力

Abstract: As a philosophical performance, the historical research of ideas focuses on grand ideas, which are "settled intellectual ‘products’" of a particular culture, and their historical development as well. The interest and motive of this research mainly lies in the belief that ideas are powerful. Major social ideas not only originate from the existing social relations but in turn reshape them. They may be powerful in persuading or moving persons, but it is also possible for them to be coercive and even violent. Ideas are powerful since they are logically "unclear" or "obscure", which makes them structurally different from "concepts". Hence, the abundant implications of ideas do not simply result from rational elements but also from emotional and volitional ones. The rational power of ideas impels theoretical expressions and even philosophical systemic construction, which will strengthen the persuasive power of ideas, whereas the emotional and intentional elements not only make ideas become moving but also actualized as material force in the process of institutionalization. Spreading from individuals to groups is necessary for an idea to realize its power, which is often enlarged because it frequently ignites trends of thought in a modern society. In this process, an idea itself will probably experience transformations at an intellective level. The realization of the power of ideas is eventually restricted by social conditions.

Key words: idea, history of ideas, power of ideas, persuasion, coercion