华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2015, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 139-144.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.016

• 文学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

想象与现实的悖论: “国民性”阻碍了现代中国的建立吗

刘旭   

  1. 华东师范大学中文系
  • 出版日期:2015-01-15 发布日期:2015-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘旭
  • 作者简介:刘旭

The Paradox between Imagination and Reality:Has “National Character” Hindered the Establishment of Modern China?

LIU Xu   

  • Online:2015-01-15 Published:2015-03-20
  • Contact: LIU Xu
  • About author:LIU Xu

摘要: 鲁迅从中国人现代自我的建立出发,建构出不朽的阿Q形象。以当代中国新语境观照,鲁迅的“国民性”理论也存在诸多问题。首先随着大环境的改变,“国民性”有被改造的可能,解放区的革命实践和赵树理等的小说可兹证明。其次“国民性”的背后是西方殖民主义理论,因此“国民性”并非为中国独有而是全人类的。再次“国民性”理论产生的根源是经济上的落后,但两者并无必然联系。总之,鲁迅的阿Q仍然是一个不可超越的文学形象,但国民性理论百年不衰的实质,是中国知识分子经济上的现代焦虑在文化领域的投射,即主体性召唤下的自我他者化建构。

关键词: 鲁迅, 阿Q, 主体性, 国民性理论, 殖民主义, 现代焦虑

Abstract: The immortal image of Ah Q created by LU Xun represents Chinese people’s spirit profoundly. But the national character embodied in Ah Q has been questioned increasingly in the new context of contemporary China. Firstly, national character might alter along with the changes of the environment, which can be proved in the practice of revolution in the liberated areas and ZHAO Shu-li’s works. Secondly, the Western colonialism is hidden in the national character theory, and all peoples in the world, besides Chinese people, have their respective national characters. Thirdly, the national character theory indeed originates from economic backwardness, but they are not necessarily linked. In short, Lu Xun’s Ah Q is still an unsurpassed literary figure, but the fact that the national theory endures for a century essentially reflects modern Chinese intellectuals’ deep economic anxiety in the construction of self-otherness under subjective summons..