Abstract: Rural Governance constitutes the important foundation and essential part of national and social governance in contemporary China. In order to realize rural governance with Chinese characteristics, we must solve the following problems not only at the theoretical level but at the practical level as well: rural governance cannot hinder the modernization of state governance; CPC organizations at the primary-level have to face the arduous task of regaining the cohesive force and building democracy; the leadership of such CPC organizations depends on smoothening the relationships with various social organizations in rural areas; successful communitization of rural areas and citizenization of rural population in the process of urbanization is essential to the modernization of rural governance; beautiful countryside construction and rural modernization shall be unified in rural governance.