华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 24-32.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.05.003

• 城市治理与发展 • 上一篇    下一篇

社区社会资本的性别化积累

刘建军1, 张兰2   

  1. 1. 复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院/当代中国研究中心;
    2. 复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院 上海, 200433
  • 出版日期:2019-09-15 发布日期:2019-09-24
  • 作者简介:刘建军,复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院/当代中国研究中心教授、博士生导师;张兰,复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生(上海,200433)。

Gendered Accumulation of Social Capital in Community

LIU Jian-jun1, ZHANG Lan2   

  • Online:2019-09-15 Published:2019-09-24

摘要: 社区是国家治理的重要细胞,是国家治理体系的基石和基本单元。社区治理有其特有的运行逻辑和实现路径。社区作为小政治、弱政治、低政治的凝结,情感政治、生活政治成为它的基本面向。基于此,提出"社区乃是女性化治理空间"这一命题是有意义的甚至是创造性的。女性化有两重含义:一是从社会属性视之,社区是一个扁平化、抗拒等级制和科层制的治理场域,社区治理对过程导向、情感导向、参与导向的依赖,直接导致了它的温暖面向;二是从自然属性视之,女性的性格优势与交往优势使得社区的治理主体以女性为主导。社区治理的社会属性和自然属性,直接促成了社会资本在社区中沿着性别化的轨道进行持续性积累。围绕"社区治理为何以女性为主导"这一问题的研究表明,社区是典型的女性化空间。在此空间中,社会资本沿着体制化、公益化和社会化的路线获得了持续性的积累。然而房权社会中利益政治的出现,使这一积累机制面临着弱化甚至中断的挑战。如何将社区治理中的情感政治与利益政治结合起来,探索可持续性的社区发展动力,是中国城市基层社会治理承载的重要使命。

关键词: 社会资本, 社区空间女性化, 性别化积累, 情感政治

Abstract: A community is an important cell of the national governance, a cornerstone and basic unit of the national governance system. Community governance has its own operation logic and realization path. As the condensation of small politics, weak politics and low politics, a community has its basic orientation of emotional politics and life politics. Therefore, this paper puts forward a proposition that a community is a feminine governance space. Feminization has two meanings. First, from the perspective of social attributes, a community is a flat, anti-bureaucratic governance field, so that the fact that community governance relies on process-orientation, emotion-orientation and participation-orientation directly leads to the warmth of a community. Second, from the perspective of natural attributes, community governance is mainly carried out by women due to their advantages in character and communication. The social and natural attributes of community governance directly contribute to the continuous accumulation of social capital along the gendered path in a community. This paper answers the question why the community governance is dominated by women and analyzes the gendered characteristics. In the feminine space, social capital has achieved continuous accumulation by the ways of institutionalization, beneficence and socialization. However, the emergence of beneficial politics in the housing-rights society has made the accumulation mechanism face the challenge of weakening even interrupting. How to combine the emotional politics and beneficial politics in community governance and explore the sustainable dynamics of community development has become important mission for social governance at China's urban grassroots.

Key words: social capital, feminine community space, gendered accumulation, emotional politics