华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2017, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 118-124.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2017.03.014

• 文学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国马克思主义莎评的发展轨迹

张薇   

  1. 上海大学文学院副教授, 上海 200444
  • 出版日期:2017-05-15 发布日期:2017-05-20
  • 作者简介:张薇,上海大学文学院副教授(上海,200444)。

The Development of Shakespearean Criticism from the Marxist Perspective in China

ZHANG Wei   

  • Online:2017-05-15 Published:2017-05-20

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摘要： 中国的马克思主义莎评在中国的莎士比亚研究中独树一帜，以茅盾、杨晦、赵澧、方平、杨周翰、卞之琳、孟宪强、孙家琇、张泗洋、王元化等十位先贤为代表，运用马克思主义的基本观点和方法论阐释莎士比亚的剧作，取得了卓越的成就。他们先后经历了从20世纪30年代至今80多年的历程，其思想伴随着政治风云的变幻而变化。在最初的革命年代，学者们倡导革命文学，追随苏联的马克思主义莎评，形成了阶级分析的模式，强调现实主义。“文革”前后，关注阶级性、现实性和人民性，同时难免有“左”的倾向，把文学当成工具，为政治服务。20世纪80年代以来，逐渐淡化政治色彩，步入学理的境界，以马克思主义美学的理念分析莎剧，从社会学批评转向文艺学批评。

关键词: 中国, 马克思主义, 莎士比亚评论

Abstract: Chinese Shakespearean criticism from the Marxist perspective is highly original in Chinese Shakespeare studies. Scholars such as MAO Dun, YANG Hui, ZHAO Li, FANG Ping, YANG Zhou-han, BIAN Zhi-lin, MENG Xian-qiang, SUN Jia-xiu, ZHANG Si-yang and WANG Yuan-hua, who adopt basic principles and methods of Marxism to elaborate on Shakespearean works, have made great achievements. With ideas changed in different political climates, they have engaged in Shakespeare studies for over eight decades since the 1930s. At the beginning of the revolutionary age, they advocated revolutionary literature, followed Russian Shakespearean criticism from the Marxist perspective, and established the mode of class analysis and highlighted realism. Before and after the Cultural Revolution, they were concerned about class, reality and people. They also showed the "left-wing" inclination, taking literature as a tool to serve politics. Since the 1980s, they have been free from politics and entered the pure academic realm, analyzing Shakespearean dramas with Marxist aesthetic theories and transforming from sociological criticism to literature criticism.

Key words: China, Marxism, Shakespearean criticism