华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (2): 93-102.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.02.010

• 语言与人工智能 • 上一篇    下一篇

人工智能时代下语言学研究的理念与取径

郑伟, 尹嘉怡   

  • 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-03-28
  • 作者简介:郑伟，华东师范大学中文系、语言认知与演化实验室教授（上海，200241）|尹嘉怡，华东师范大学中文系、语言认知与演化实验室博士研究生
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目“西南各民族及‘一带一路’邻国语言文字中汉字音的数字化整理与研究”（项目编号：18ZDA296）；国家社科基金重点项目“中国境内南方少数民族语言的音变特征及其数据库建设”（项目编号：17AZD038）

Thoughts and Approaches of Linguistics Research at the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Wei ZHENG, Jia-yi YIN   

  • Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-03-28

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摘要：

人工智能这一使用计算机模拟人类智能表现的学科始终有着探索发现人类心智及语言能力的需求和愿望。人工智能发展的历程是机器语言与自然语言相互助益而又相互博弈的历程。人工智能以程序语言为工具，程序语言是人类自然语言的简化版本。在语言问题的探索上，语言学与人工智能两个学科分别从不同的路径出发，推动了对于人类语言的认识。近几十年来计算机硬件技术的高速发展，使得人工智能成长为庞然大物。人工智能的影响力不仅仅是它无处不在的技术和产品，而且也在于人工智能所倡导的研究思想和方法对其他领域的影响。当代语言学无疑会受到这一思潮的冲击，而如何在人工智能时代坚持搜集一手语料的研究初衷，并借助大数据思路和现代科学手段，结合生理学、心理学、认知神经科学等跨学科的探索思路，是语言学研究者今后需要关心和努力的方向。

关键词: 人工智能, 心智, 语言学, 语言能力, 生物基础

Abstract:

Artificial intelligence, which uses computer technology to imitate human intelligence, constantly requires and desires to explore the nature of mind and language competence. The development of artificial intelligence is the process in which machine language and natural language benefit as well as compete each other. Machine language, which is the simplified version of human language, is the base of artificial intelligence. On the exploration of linguistic issues, linguistics and artificial intelligence start from different paths, leading to a deeper understanding of human language. Artificial intelligence shows its influence not only through its ubiquitous techniques and products but also its research thoughts and approaches. There is no doubt that linguistics has also been influenced by this trend. At the age of artificial intelligence, it is necessary for linguistics researchers to insist on the original intention of linguistic study with the assistant of the big data approach and other modern techniques. It is also inspiring and meaningful for linguistics to cooperate with other disciplines such as psychology, physiology, and cognitive neuroscience.

Key words: artificial intelligence, mind, linguistics, language competence, biological basis