考虑到农民工子女随迁与否可能并非是随机过程而是存在自选择性，因而有必要利用单独二孩政策实施前的2013年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据，通过内生转换模型消除自选择带来的内生性，就子女随迁对父代工资的影响进行考证。由此得到的主要结论是：（1）自选择因素会影响家庭决策，子女随迁存在自选择性。（2）与既有研究子女随迁普遍具有正效应的结论不同，全样本估计显示子女随迁将显著抑制父代工资，即存在负效应，而且如果未考虑自选择性将低估子女随迁对父代工资的抑制效应。（3）子女随迁的父代工资效应具有"父亲惠利、母亲受损"的性别异质性：减损母亲约8%的工资，提升父亲约2%的工资，其中工作时间、工作稳定性、健康水平和消费水平能解释这种性别异质性的生成机制；子女随迁与家庭团聚带来的幸福感是以牺牲母亲工资为代价的，社会化的性别认同依然是关键因素。有鉴于此，建议政府相关部门要为农民工子女随迁创造便利条件，进一步完善子女随迁政策，降低随迁成本以抵消或超过工资减损效应，从而提升农民工家庭迁移的幸福感和社会融合度；同时，不仅要完善以家庭为单位的流动人口服务政策，更要在顶层设计上将社会性别因素纳入公共政策范畴，注重性别平等化的政策供给。
Taking the self-selection rather than a stochastic process of children's accompanying migration into account, this paper uses the China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS) data in 2013 to examine the effect of children's accompanying migration on their parents' wage with Endogenous Switching Regression Model(ESRM), which would reduce endogeneity of self-selection. There are some new findings. First, self-selection factors affect family decision-making, and children have self-selection as they migrate. Second, quite different from popular judgment, children's accompanying migration would restrain their parents' wage rate significantly. It will underestimate the negative effect of children's accompanying migration without considering the self-selection. Third, the wage effect of children's accompanying migration has the gender heterogeneity of “father benefit, mother damage” by reducing mothers' wage by 8% while promoting fathers' wage by 2%. Working time, working stability, health level as well as consuming level can help to explain the gender heterogeneity of wage effect. Happiness from children's migration and family gathering cost mothers' wage, and social gender identity still plays a key role in gender heterogeneous wage effect. This paper suggests that the government should create convenient conditions for the migration of workers' children, further improve the policies for the migration of children, reduce the costs of migration to offset or exceed the wage effect of reduction, and increase the happiness and social integration of rural migrant workers' families. The service policy of rural migrants with the family as a unit must include gender factors in the public policy category in the top-level design, and pay attention to the policy supply of gender equality.
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国家社会科学基金学术期刊资助入选期刊