Resulting from human beings’ incapacity to understand nature and society, uncertainty is universal, relative and developmental. There are more serious uncertainties in social sciences because of their more complicated objectives. However, social sciences have been weak in dealing with uncertainty so far. In China’s new developing period, there will be more uncertainties in economic and social development, bringing more challenges to social policy. To cope with the new uncertain challenges, the perspectives, contents and methods of social policy research should be expanded by further highlighting the value guidance in social policy research, paying more attention to the prediction and countermeasure research of social policy, strengthening the research of complex theoretical model of social policy, enhancing the dynamic perspective of social policy research, and further strengthening the construction of social policy disciplines and cross-disciplinary cooperation.