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On Scholars′ Paintings：“Implication in Rock Paintings” for 700 Years from SU Shi to ZHENG Ban-qiao Zhong-yi XIA Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (5): 63-79.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.05.007 Abstract （481）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （1202KB）（1979）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, the “rock” （modeling element） in the traditional flower and bird paintings is aesthetically divided into two categories, that is, “implication in rock paintings” and “rock worship and pleasure” regarded as an instrumental symbol to mark the distinction between “scholars′ paintings” and “literati′s paintings”. This is significant in three aspects. First, from SU Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty to DONG Qi-chang of the Ming Dynasty, the paintings of men of letters that express their feelings and interests are known as “scholars′ paintings” and “literati′s paintings”. However, in the painting world after DONG Qi-chang, the title of “literati′s paintings” vaguely “cover” “scholars′ paintings”. The “implication in rock paintings” refined in this paper is to prove that “scholars′ paintings” are different from “literati′s paintings” because the former pays more attention to the artist′s moral feelings than the interest in brush and ink skills. Second, from the perspective of “implication in rock paintings”, the history of Chinese paintings from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty can be divided into “scholars′ paintings” and “literati′s paintings”: the former from SU Shi to ZHENG Ban-qiao, and the latter from MI Fu to CHEN Hong-shou. This is the life roles of the ancient sages represented by rock paintings. Third, from the “Dongpo′s grotesque rock” and “Banqiao′s bamboo, orchid and rock” in the “implication in rock paintings”, we can not only know the ancient inheritance of exemplary persons′ poetry and philosophy, but also learn that the “rock” in the eyes of the worthy has not been a cold object in nature since ancient times, but a symbol of the spiritual foundation of the worthy when they deal with the turbid world. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Retrospect of Contemporary Linguistic Theories Bao-jia LI Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (6): 77-95.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.06.008 Abstract （353）   HTML （40）    PDF（pc） （1119KB）（1788）       Knowledge map    Save Western semantics history could be summarized as historical orientation, psychological orientation and contextual orientation. In other words, Western semantics of the 19th century has been successively overlapped with biology, psychology and sociology. All “new theories” in modern times we are worshipping, including psychology, subjectivity, sociality, form and function, statics and dynamics, context and situation, metaphor and metonymy, and meaning domain and prototype theory, are beneath previous masterpieces. Owing to the three trends of formalism in the 20th century, three cracks formed in Western humanistic view of language. Not until the 1960s, did a return to traditional humanistic view of language in contemporary Western linguistic study emerge. Based on dozens of previous original works of German, French, English and Russian languages, this paper traces the origins of these “new theories” in order to promote the research of the linguistic and intellectual history. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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WANG Yi’s Annotation on The Songs of Chu and the Political Situation in Emperor An’s Reign Xing-lu ZHOU Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (4): 106-114.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.04.011 Abstract （492）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （923KB）（1916）       Knowledge map    Save WANG Yi’s Annotation on The Songs of Chu not only laid a foundation for the study of The Songs of Chu, but was also significant in the history of literary criticism in the Han Dynasty. During Emperor An’s reign that lasted for around two decades, the political situation was messy and sycophantic. In the court, however, many ministers were brave enough to admonish the emperor severely. The imperial court encouraged political criticism. In such an atmosphere, as a collating officer, WANG Yi developed his thought while collating classic books. Different from the moderation of YANG Xiong and BAN Gu, WANG highly praised QU Yuan’s spirit of satire. The royal family in Nanyang emphasized the responsibility of protecting the country of the Han Dynasty by developing the idea that “the sons of Duke had no righteousness to leave the country” from Chuqiu Fanlu while compiling ritual propriety of the Han Dynasty. This affected WANG to elaborate for the first time on QU Yuan’s idea that people with the same surname of Chu would be not righteous to leave the country. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evocation Funeral and Five Rites System in the Eastern Jin Dynasty Man-cang LIANG Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (4): 55-65.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.04.006 Abstract （620）   HTML （27）    PDF（pc） （965KB）（1429）       Knowledge map    Save According to Confucianism, the soul of a human being exists and the body and soul rest in the grave and the ancestral temple respectively when a person passes away. This provides the theoretical foundation for Confucian rites system to distinguish fortune rites from unfortune ones. In the late Western Jin Dynasty, due to the invasion of northern foreign tribes, many people in Central China moved to the south and even the court moved to Jiankang. For some official-scholars, when their families moved to the south, they lost their lives in the war in the north and their corpses could not be found. Hence, the evocation funeral was advocated. Differing from the traditional evocation custom, there was no corpse placed in the coffins in the grave but only souls in the evocation funeral in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This funeral ceremony conflicted with the idea of body and spirit in traditional Confucianism and threatened the Five Rites System which was under construction at that time. Therefore, the evocation funeral was denounced fiercely by Confucian officials in the court and was forbidden in the end. However, it became prevalent in the late Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, which was related to the maturity of the Five Rites System. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cold War History Studies in the English Academic World in Recent Twenty Years：Retrospect，Critique and Prospects Ya-feng XIA Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (1): 82-94.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.01.008 Abstract （650）   HTML （31）    PDF（pc） （826KB）（1774）       Knowledge map    Save Three correlative traits stand out in the Cold War history studies in the English world in the first 20 years of the 21st Century. First, with the “decentration” in the Cold War studies, the relationship between the Cold War and the Third World becomes a hotspot issue. Second, renewed attention is paid to the Cold War history in Europe, putting Europe in the central place rather than treating it as an object in great-power confrontation. Third, there are still lots of influential works on U.S.-Soviet Cold War History, in particular, on the peaceful end of the Cold War. Although scholars continue to debate on some of the very basic issues regarding the Cold War, Cold War studies will be an eternal field of inquiry. It will be remembered and studied like such historical events as World War I and World War II. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Implication of Historical Materialism in the Concept of “Upholding Fundamental Principles and Breaking New Ground” Yong-jie CHEN, Ze-guang YANG Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2023, 55 (3): 12-21.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.03.002 Abstract （503）   HTML （189）    PDF（pc） （703KB）（1217）       Knowledge map    Save In the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC, XI Jin-ping repeatedly stresses that “we must uphold fundamental principles and break new ground”. “Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground” reflects the distinct meaning of historical materialism. As far as the philosophical premise is concerned, “upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground” rejects external reflection and requires in-depth social and historical reality, showing the persistence of the materialization principle and innovative characteristics of historical materialism. As far as its development direction is concerned, “upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground” follows historical materialism and guides new practice with new theories, and promotes the Chinese path to modernization in the social-historical orientation. As far as the value orientation is concerned, “upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground” has always adhered to the clear position of people first, brought into play of the people to realize the free and comprehensive development of human beings, and actively created a new form of human civilization while committed to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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National Security Governance Strategy in the New Era：Its System，Idea and Path Hua-fu JIANG, Jun LIU Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (6): 105-111.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.06.012 Abstract （2298）   HTML （38）    PDF（pc） （543KB）（1359）       Knowledge map    Save National security governance is related to the long-term governance of the Party, the long-term stability of the country, and people’s life and work in peace and contentment. The strategic system of national security governance in the new era is a set of systematic institutional arrangements for maintaining and shaping national security, and it is the specific application of the national governance system in the field of national security. The strategic concept of national security governance in the new era is mainly reflected in the trinity of XI Jin-ping’s overall national security concept, with the purpose of people’s security, political security as the foundation, and national interests as the criterion. As for the practice path, we should adhere to safe development, promote the dynamic balance between high-quality development and high-level security, adhere to overall warfare, and coordinate traditional and non-traditional security, stick to the path of peaceful development, and promote the coordination of our own security and common security. To exactly grasp the strategy of national security governance system, follow the strategic path of national security governance system and promote national security governance in a comprehensive way is significant for us to realize the goal of the second century and achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Perspective to Observe the “Occurrence of the Cold War”：Before the Publication of Economic Vortex：A New Prospective to Observe the Cold War Zhi-hua SHEN Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2023, 55 (1): 53-60.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.01.005 Abstract （1749）   HTML （283）    PDF（pc） （653KB）（1902）       Knowledge map    Save The origin and occurrence of the Cold War, especially the role of the Soviet Union, has always been a heated topic in the academic circle. If observing from the new perspective of economy, especially from the notion of economy and economic strategies of the Soviet Union as well as economic relationships between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, we will find a different logic chain, develop a different historical narrative and eventually form a new framework to explain how the relationships between the U.S. and the Soviet Union changed and how the Cold War pattern formed and developed. The mission of historical research is to find out how the Cold War happened, what were the motivations of the U.S. and the Soviet Union and what caused such results. In fact, there were opportunities and possibilities to reverse the trend at each stage, but eventually the U.S. and the Soviet Union sank into the abyss of the Cold War. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Burgundy in the Late Middle Ages and the Construction of a French Nation State Ming ZHU Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2023, 55 (5): 35-47.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.05.005 Abstract （263）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （786KB）（1041）       Knowledge map    Save Traditional opinion is that the Hundred Years’ War between England and France in the late Middle Ages consolidated the national consciousness of Western European countries and facilitated the formation of two nation states, i.e., England and France. However, the construction of the Burgundy state indicates that a homogeneous French nation-state was far from being formed during this period, and Valois France did not complete its national construction. The Duchy of Burgundy, located in the eastern part of France, not only gained independence from the Kingdom of France through marriage and expansion, but also strengthened regional national identity through construction of institution and capital city, almost becoming an independent kingdom that included regions such as northern and eastern parts of France and Belgium. The Duke of Burgundy made efforts to expand and integrate his feudal territories, laying the foundation for national construction and leaving behind longue-durée influence. In the late Middle Ages, the territorial states derived from feudal territories facilitated the transformation of urban and regional spaces, reflecting the complexity and diversity of the Western transition from feudal times to the era of modern states. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Explanation about “Wěi Wěi Tuó Tuó” from The Book of Songs：Also on the Composition Principle of “Consecutive Characters and Words” Ren-er HUANG, Ren-qing CHI Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (6): 96-104.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.06.011 Abstract （497）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （1083KB）（1063）       Knowledge map    Save The explanations of “Wěi Wěi Tuó Tuó” from the poem “Growing old together with the gentleman” in The Book of Songs have varied from each other sinceMao’s Commentary.How to read “Wěi Wěi Tuó Tuó”? DAI Jun-ren uses traditional “repetition” pronunciation to read “Wěi Wěi Tuó Tuó”. From the angle of Chinese bronze inscriptions and bamboo slips, “Wěi Wěi Tuó Tuó” can be written as “Wěi = Tuó =”, if the characters have the same pronunciations. YU Sheng-wu uses “new evidences” and regards them as “compound words”, so he reads them as “Wěi Tuó Wěi Tuó”. The bamboo slips scholars in Anhui University follow YU. From the view of “consecutive characters and words”, the statement of DAI is right. “Wěi Wěi Tuó Tuó” means the bending and long pattern of mountains and rivers on the “Gown of the Queen”. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Community Interaction Ritual，Emotional Energy and Fans’ Loyalty Hai-bo XUE Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (3): 134-145.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.03.011 Abstract （432）   HTML （63）    PDF（pc） （913KB）（1074）       Knowledge map    Save It has been recognized that brand community plays an important role in attracting loyal fans both online and offline. This paper explores the mechanism through which community interaction rituals, a fundamental component of brand community, influence fans’ loyalty. Based on the valid scales, combining with the fan group interview, a questionnaire was designed and investigated. With collected valid samples, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted by partial least square method. The results show that interpersonal-interaction ritual and individual consumption ritual of self-interaction with communal material resources are two dimensions of community interaction rituals that have significant positive impact on fans’ loyalty. Emotional energy mediates the influence of community interaction rituals on fans’ loyalty. In addition, this loyalty is also moderated by network density. The practical managerial implications of these theoretical findings are also discussed. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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From Being Crazily Drunk to Lying Drunk：The Evolution of Chinese Wine Spirit Hua-nan GONG Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (4): 11-21.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.04.002 Abstract （660）   HTML （209）    PDF（pc） （1092KB）（1255）       Knowledge map    Save The phenomenon of drunkenness exists in various civilizations, and is understood, regulated and shaped by them. In China, the long history of civilization endows drunkenness with various spiritual connotations. With the continuous evolution of the intellectual trend of the times, the concept of drunkenness was formed in an intermittent manner. From the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Han Dynasty, being crazily drunk was a normal state, and drunkenness fell down from sacredness to pure desire and hobby. After the Han Dynasty, lying drunk became the mainstream. With the establishment of taste thought in China, drinking has become the thinking method for the drinkers, and lying drunk has become their conscious inward spiritual exploration, and the sacredness of drunkenness was restored to a certain extent. Being crazily drunk is aggressive and opposing the world, while lying drunk is a state of doing nothing and being comfortable inside and outside. Those lying drunk refuse to find their stance in the secular society, and consciously approach the quiet and tranquil world of drunkenness, which shows that their pursuit transcends the worldly life. In this process, the body is disciplined and becomes weak and feeble, so that it no longer stands or acts, and the mind is free of thinking, full of leisure and joy. The evolution towards lying drunk reveals the Chinese people’s introverted and inward-turned cultural psychology, which suppresses the impact of wine, but also makes it difficult for the drunk to be strong and upright. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Two Early English Versions of Huang Di Nei Jing Yu YANG Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2023, 55 (1): 46-52.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.01.004 Abstract （1476）   HTML （63）    PDF（pc） （684KB）（1204）       Knowledge map    Save Huang Di Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic) is the fundamental classic of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), from which the Western academic circle begins to understand the theory of TCM. Prioritized as the primary TCM work by Western sinologists, Huang Di Nei Jing had been translated into Latin, French, German and other languages before the 20th century. This paper investigates its two early English translations that have scarcely been emphasized or even noticed. Through figuring out the brief history of these two translations, examining the misunderstandings especially on terms by comparing them with the source text, and analyzing what motivated the translators to translate it and how they had first established their knowledge on TCM, this paper explores the special aspects during the transmission of TCM knowledge in the West. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Kant’s Discussion on “Crooked Timber” and “Straight Wood” Yong-ling BAO Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (1): 60-68.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.01.006 Abstract （572）   HTML （23）    PDF（pc） （845KB）（1072）       Knowledge map    Save In “The Universal Concept of History from the Perspective of World Citizens”, Kant puts forward the famous “crooked timber” puzzle, believing that the paradox reflected in it is the most difficult problem and the final problem that can be solved by mankind. Accordingly, Kant systematically interprets the complex interactive relationship between individual freedom and social legal order by using the core metaphors of “crooked timber” and “straight wood in the forest”, which seem to be contradictory. The metaphor of “crooked timber” can also be regarded as a variation of Plato’s “cave metaphor” describing human perceptual defects. It implies that man, above all, is an existence in the order of nature, which is an empirical issue concerning “what it is in reality”, that is, “what human beings are in practice”, whereas “straight wood” demonstrates a value pursuit of “what it should be”, that is “what human beings should be like”. It shows that individuals’ potential to develop independent personality in social community and hence highlights human beings’ individuality, awareness of being independent, human dignity and value. The metaphors of “crooked timber” and “straight wood” together with other subordinate metaphors help to approach Kant’s unique anthropological concept and play an important role in Kant’s reflection and reconstruction of the concept of “nature”. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of Digital Economy on Urban Economic Resilience in the Yangtze River Delta Region Yan HU, Yu-qi CHEN, Yan LI Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (1): 143-154.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.01.013 Abstract （1357）   HTML （62）    PDF（pc） （722KB）（1223）       Knowledge map    Save Under the new development pattern, accelerating the development of digital economy and strengthening the resilience of urban economy are important ways to realize the high-quality development of regional economy. Based on the panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2011 to 2019, this paper empirically studies the impact and path of digital economy on the economic resilience of cities in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show that: （1） The benchmark test shows that digital economy can significantly improve the economic resilience of cities in the Yangtze River Delta, and has the most significant effect on the improvement of urban economic resistance. （2） Heterogeneity analysis shows that digital economy development has a significant effect on promoting urban economic resilience within the Yangtze Delta metropolitan. （3） The mediating effect test shows that digital economy can influence urban economic resilience by promoting innovation and entrepreneurship and improving social security. （4） The spatial effect test shows that digital economic development has a positive spillover effect on urban economic resilience in the Yangtze River Delta region. Therefore, to make digital economy play a more positive role in enhancing the resilience of urban economy, we shall promote the integrated development of digital economy and real economy, facilitate the joint development of digital economy and social security system, accelerate the introduction of talents in metropolitan areas and strengthen the construction of digital economy in non-metropolitan areas. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Philosophy of Practice and Theory of Practices Yong-liu ZHENG, Lu-xia CHEN Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2021, 53 (6): 32-43.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2021.06.004 Abstract （438）   HTML （48）    PDF（pc） （799KB）（1067）       Knowledge map    Save Although both philosophy of practice and theory of practices share the concept “practice”, there are few works that systematically explore the relationship between these two traditions. There is no unified tradition of practical philosophy in the West, and after Hegel, there is a division between traditional and modern practical philosophy. In terms of understanding the elements of practice, modern practical philosophy shows its affinity with Aristotle. Theory of practices directly inherits and develops modern practical philosophy, while its relationship with traditional practical philosophy is indirect and mediated by modern practical philosophy. Theory of practices develops the basic claims of modern practical philosophy in terms of fundamental philosophical positions, dualism, practical normativity, and future dimensions of practice into various fields such as sociology, anthropology, cultural theory, linguistics, philosophy of science, and even feminism, organizational studies, and consumption studies, thus providing a discipline-specific account for understanding various aspects of vivid social life. Modern practical philosophy and theory of practices may be unified in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Dialectical Relations between Science and Technology and Humanities：On the Opposition and Complementarity between Distant Reading and Close Reading Ning WANG Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (4): 88-97.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.04.009 Abstract （594）   HTML （28）    PDF（pc） （812KB）（895）       Knowledge map    Save In many people’s view, science and technology and humanities are naturally in a state of opposition, so they have a prejudice against digital humanities. There is no doubt that digital humanities, as a new research paradigm, will bring us a lot of research convenience, with which we get rid of the cumbersome data tracking and retrieval so as to save more time and energy for in-depth thinking and theoretical interpretation of the research object. For the study of world literature, the big data method can give us a general picture of the historical development of world literature in a short time, which has been proved by the distant reading method proposed by American Italian scholar Franco Moretti. Nevertheless, everything has its two sides: the application of “distant reading” method has its own strengths, but in-depth study of world literature classics and their authors should be supplemented by the close reading method. Therefore, the two methods can form a complementary relationship. In short, digital humanities do not definitely exclude humanities, especially those irreplaceable excellent literary works and humanities works with high cultural and aesthetic content created by excellent writers or scholars. Similarly, machine and AI translation cannot replace advanced literary and humanities translation. The ideal literary research should combine the methods of distant reading and close reading so as to form a complementary relationship. Effectively, there is complementarity between science and technology and humanities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Possible Separation between Photography and Image：A Philosophical Study Yang LI Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2023, 55 (2): 70-79.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.02.006 Abstract （293）   HTML （3375）    PDF（pc） （708KB）（865）       Knowledge map    Save The separation of photography and image requires a new understanding of the non-image nature of photography. Starting from the five paradoxes of image, this paper examines the basic nature of image, and then distinguishes photography from image. Photography is an “action” and a “process”, while image is the trace that connects the subject and the object through the camera. The essence of photography lies in the tension between the “given” of nature and the “capture” of the photographer, and many important aesthetic judgments in the history of photography theories are made by emphasizing this tension. For instance, André Bazan and Roland Barthes emphasize on the “given”, whereas Bauhaus and Pictorialism underline the significance of the “capture”. The media essence of photography has also changed with the development of technology. The traditional photochemical photography and photoelectric signal photography are quite different in terms of the nature of image. Moreover, the generative image represented by video game photography is independent of the visual objects from the external world. It becomes the photography that “captures” the virtual world, but still follows the intrinsic definition of photography. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Unraveling the Mystery of Syntax：The Origin of Subject-Predicate Dichotomy and Component Analysis Bao-jia LI Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2022, 54 (6): 76-95.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.06.010 Abstract （526）   HTML （29）    PDF（pc） （998KB）（792）       Knowledge map    Save Plato used a dichotomy to divide a sentence into its name components (ōnoma) and its declarative components (rhēma), Aristotle analyzed a proposition as the combination of a subject (hypokeimenon) and a predicate (katigoria), and Apollonius regarded nouns and verbs as the main parts of a sentence – all of these became the blueprint for the subject-predicate dichotomy in syntax. In the early 5th century, the Roman scholar Martianus proposed the dichotomy of subject (subjectiva) and predicate (declarativa), which influenced French Carolingian scholars in the 9th century. In the second half of the 8th century, the Arab scholar Sibawayhi analyzed a noun sentence into the topic and the description, and a verb sentence into the agent and the action. After that, Speculative Grammar (including Modistae) and Universal Grammar accepted subject-predicate dichotomy, but did not further refine it. Through the examination of more than a dozen works on English grammar (in the 18th and 19th centuries), Lane introduced logical subject-predicate terms into English sentence analysis for the first time (in 1700), while Greene firstly established refined English sentence components analysis (in 1848). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Multiple Connotations and Evolution of the Concept of the Mandate of Heaven during the Periods of Zhou and Qin Naihe Xie Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)    2024, 56 (2): 72-84.   DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2024.02.007 Abstract （345）   HTML （40）    PDF（pc） （992KB）（713）       Knowledge map    Save During the periods of Zhou and Qin, the concept of the mandate of Heaven had multiple connotations such as the mandate of ghosts and gods, the mandate of law and the mandate of the heart-mind and nature. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the concept of the mandate of Heaven was based on the mandate of ghosts and gods and meanwhile emphasized the governance of the state. However, it also contained some elements of the mandate of law and the mandate of the heart-mind and nature. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the mandate of ghosts and gods continued its influence in the sphere of national region. However, as the power structure of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty moved from royal government to hegemony and then to unification, the mandate of law and the mandate of the heart-mind and nature in the sphere of social ideology gradually became dominant. Moreover, philosophers in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty conducted theoretical construction to interpret the pluralistic connotations of the concept of the mandate of Heaven inherited from previous times, which had made a profound impact on ancient Chinese political philosophy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics