Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)

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Jun zhai du shu zhi and literary criticism

WU Cheng-Xue, HUANG Jing

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 1-13. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.001

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As the earliest extant bibliography with abstracts compiled by a private bibliophile in China, CHAO Gong-wu’s Reading Notes in the Official Residence has an irreplaceable role and great significance in the history of Chinese bibliography. However, from the perspective of the history of literature and the academic history of literary criticism, its catalogue style, categories, prefaces and abstracts reflect the author’s idea of literary criticism. It is not only a magnum opus in bibliography, but also a collection of reading notes involving the history of literature and the history of literary criticism. Hence, it is a unique text for us to understand literature and politics in the Song Dynasty. ZHAO Xi-bian’s Supplementary Reading Notes is also an important complement to CHAO’s Reading Notes in literary criticism.

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A Reconsideration of Kangxi’s Decision of Promoting the Position of ZHU Xi in the Ceremony of Worshipping Confucius in 1712: Also on QIAN Mu and GE Zhao-guang’s Interpretation of the Autocracy in Ideas in Kangxi’s Reign

ZHAO Gang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 14-25. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.002

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By situating it in the new context of the subtle struggles between Kangxi and his favorite official LI Guang-di, this paper re-explains Kangxi’s decision of promoting the position of ZHU Xi in the ceremony of worshipping Confucius as part of the emperor’s efforts to pacify Li. Based upon the long ignored source materials, it questions the traditional explanation held by such famous scholars as QIAN Mu and GE Zhao-guang, which treats the event as part of imperial Manchu’s suppressive policies toward the Han Chinese elites. This paper argues that such an explanation has read the relationship between the government and the intellectuals under the totalitarian regime into that between Kangxi and the Han Chinese elites and ignored the significant differences between these two kinds of relationships.

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On the Concept of Xin of Mencius

Dai Zhao-guo

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 26-32. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.003

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The concept of mind-heart (xin) is applied quite frequently in Mencius. This paper analyses the meaning of this concept by the means of classification. In the original context of Mencius, it mainly means psychological activities. However, a metaphysical tendency appeared in the interpretation of this concept after the Han Dynasty, which can be regarded as a result of the excessive interpretation of annotators according to their own philosophical positions. A correct understanding of the relation between mind-heart and things is essential to a reasonable interpretation of the concept of mind-heart.

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The Rectification of Xunzi’s Doctrine of Rectification

CUI Yi-ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 33-38. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.004

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Although all schools of thought criticized the values of others in the pre-Qin period, only the criticism of Confucianism, called as rectification, was rationally self-conscious. Xunzi eventually developed a doctrine of rectification. It represents the highest level of value criticism among the pre-Qin philosophies in two senses: Firstly, Xunzi shows his insights in the criticism of twelve thinkers with systematic arguments full of unique charm of philosophical thinking; secondly, Xunzi takes dao as the foundation of his doctrine of rectification. However, Xunzi’s doctrine of rectification is inconsistent since he fails to unify the ontological dao in Laozi and the Confucian dao at the level of value.

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Searching for Middle-range Theories： The Empirical Dimensions of Habermas’sDiscourse Ethics

YANG Fan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 39-47. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.005

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Habermas’s discourse ethics is prescribed for the legitimacy crisis in the late capitalist society. Although Habermas emphasizes that his theory has strong practical concerns and it is a kind of theoretical paradigm of “post-metaphysics”, it has been criticized and challenged by many empiricists and empirical researchers. In order to combine the normative theory with political and social practices, the building of middle-range theories to make a dialogue between them is very necessary. Recent empirical studies on this issue can be regarded as an attempt to build middle-range theories so as to dissolve the tensions between theory and practice. Obvious tensions between philosophical studies on discourse ethics and empirical researches on it in social sciences, as well as those between qualitative and quantitative researches, need to be overcome by extending the methodological horizons of different disciplines.

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On the Historical Values and Limits of Lenin’s New Economic Policy

ZHOU Shang-wen

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 48-61. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.006

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As important political heritage from Lenin, the new economic policy embodies Lenin’s spirit of creating new theories and his efforts to explore a socialist path that suits Russia’s national conditions. Due to the complex historical reasons, including Lenin’s own historical limits in recognition, the potential theoretical and practical values of the new economic policy failed to be realized or developed, while the later “Stalin model” of economic system had a strong impact on socialist practices. It is conducive to our own socialist course with Chinese characteristics to study the historical values of Lenin’s new economic policy.

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Is It a New Mixed Model of International Aid?: A Case Study on Sicomines Project in Congo(DRC)

YU Nan-ping

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 62-71. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.007

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International aid is not only a creation of diplomatic activities between countries in the 20th century, but also a method to enhance a country’s international influence. Along with the increase of Chinese companies’ overseas investment, a Chinese model of international aid, which unites investment, aid and trade as a whole, has appeared. There are obvious theoretical and practical differences between this model and traditional western ones. With a case study on Sicomines project in Congo(DRC), this paper analyses the international debates about China’s mixed aid model and the improvements made by China in international aid.

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Five Relations in the Reform of Government Institutions from the Perspective of Administrative Organization Law

TANG Can

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 72-77. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.008

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The legal level of the reform of government institutions is an important index of a government by law. There are five important relations in the reform, that is, the relation between the reform direction and the authority of law, the relation among the subjects of administration-organizing power, the relation between the big-ministry system and coordination mechanisms, the relation between the unitary system and the decentralization of administrative power, and the relation between principles of need-meeting and proportionality.

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On the Balance of Public and Private Interests in the Identification of Historical Buildings

Li Yi-heng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 78-86. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.009

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The identification of historical buildings is essentially a kind of legal restriction on public power. Because the land-ownership of historical buildings is either state-owned or rural collective, the research on the identification of historical buildings can also help us free from the confine of landownership and focus on the construction of a unitary legal system of real property expropriation compensation. We may overcome the difficulties in China’s legal system of expropriation compensation from the perspective of expropriation rather than that of expropriation. In other words, we shall construct a legal system of expropriation compensation through equalization compensation.

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A New Study on the Historical Practical Origin of the Direct Appealing System: A Case Study on the Judicial Bamboo Slips from Baoshan Chu Tomb

WANG Jie

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 87-96. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.010

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By analyzing the case documents of judicial bamboo slips from Baoshan Chu Tomb, this paper finds that in the Warring States Period, there were practices of judicial proceedings similar to the “direct appealing system” in the State of Chu, which were well developed and reached a systematic level. The “direct appealing” system in the State of Chu might be the practical origin of the system of “striking the stone or drum to tell grievance” in the Rites of Zhou, a book compiled in the same period. Therefore, the direct appealing system took shape in the Warring States Period. So we have to rectify and re-examine the conventional idea that the direct appealing system didn’t form until the Han and Tang Dynasties.

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The Repressed “Utopia”: WEI Yuan’s View of Administering State Affairs and that of Pure Land

CHENG Qing

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 97-104. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.011

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As a representative of New Text Confucianism in the late Qing Dynasty, WEI Yuan has always been examined in Confucian history of the debate between Old Text Confucianism and New Text Confucianism. Although influenced by New Text Confucianism, WEI has also provided new insights through absorbing Taoism and Buddhism. Taking the idea of administering state affairs as the backbone, WEI tries to understand the categories of substance and function in a new way, enrich the Confucian tradition of his time with the dao in Laozi and the Book of Changes and promote the Gongyang practice of discovering deep meanings expressed with sublime words. As a natural result of his seeking for dao, WEI’s conversion to Buddhism does not mean he withdraws from society in his late ages. However, limited by his historical consciousness, WEI fails to develop the radical element of Utopia in his concept of “pure land” in the context of human secular history, although this concept is absorbed in the Huayan doctrine of the unity between things and principles. Similarly, he has not developed from the Buddhist concept of “pure land” an idea of great harmony characterized by Utopian, which can be seen in KANG You-wei.

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Buddhism and the Reconstruction of Intellectuals’ Spiritual Realm around the Hundred Days Reform: A Case Study on the Diaries in Wangshan Cottage

JIANG Hai-nu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 105-113. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.012

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The period around the Hundred Days Reform witnessed the transition of intellectuals’ mentality from collapse to reconstruction in the late Qing Dynasty, for which Buddhism had provided important mental support. SUN Bao-xuan’s Diaries in Wangshan Cottage provides informative records of intellectuals’ rising interest in Buddhism, the confrontation between political and cultural thoughts and Buddhist ideas, and the relations between Confucianism and Buddhism in the adjusting process of Confucianism. It also shows that at the metaphysical level, when the philosophy discipline was initially established in the late Qing Dynasty, the combination of Buddhism with the doctrine of mind in ancient China and philosophy and psychology in the West led to a “new view of the world” in a strong Buddhist tune, taking a “schema of mind and things” as the core. As for the social and political thought, the study of Gongyang was central to New Text Confucianism and also functioned as the ideological foundation of the Hundred Days Reform. The Diaries provides informative records about the popular topics of that time such as “three religions and three lives” and “future pure land”. The influence of Buddhism on the study of Gongyang in the late Qing Dynasty enriches the theoretical connotation of the Hundred Days Reform and strengthens the political belief that human beings’ spirit can save itself.

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The Quest for Certainty: On Fu Ssu-nien’s View of Life in the May 4th Period

YU Hai-bing

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 114-123. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.013

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Fu Ssu-nien’s thought was extremely exuberant in the May 4th Period, and he had discussed the issue of life earnestly. His discussion reflects his intellectual orientation of searching for certainty, and reveals his life and spiritual realm in the May 4th Period. Before the May 4th Movement, Fu Ssu-nien had began to explore the issues of society and life. However, the May 4th Movement provoked the contradiction between “nature” and “life” in his thought, so he decided to study psychology to search for certainty. Eventually, he gave up psychology with disappointment and began to carry out positive study of history and linguistics. Fu was under the influence of positivism in the “self-reforming” and the construction of the order of individual, society and history. He believed in positivism, while it could not provide the meaning of life. This spiritual crisis reflects the crisis of mentality in the May 4th Period.

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An Empirical Analysis of the Deficiencies of Government’s Economic Management System and Foreign Funds Demand Preference

HU Li-fa

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 124-131. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.014

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At present, the corporatization of local governments, the segmentation of local markets and political rent seeking are outstanding problems in government’s economic management system. They are also important factors influencing foreign funds demand preference in China. An empirical analysis shows that there is negative correlation and causation between the deficiencies of government’s economic management system and foreign funds demand preference. Hence, to change the government achievement evaluating and appraising system of local governments and to legally regulate the government’s economic management function is an effective way to reduce the foreign funds demand preference so as to enhance the quality of utilizing foreign funds.

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The Influencing Factors in the Entry of China’s Private Enterprises to Strategic Emerging Industries

CHENG Gui-sun, SUN Zheng-xing & QIAO Wei-ran

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 132-138. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.015

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This paper explores the factors in the entry of China’s private enterprises to strategic emerging industries by the panel data of high and new technology industry from 2008 to 2011. Results show that some factors, including the enterprises scale of the industry, the funds of R&D, the export delivery value and the government’s power of controlling the industry, have a negative influence on the entry private enterprises to strategic emerging industries, while the number of R&D staff has a positive influence. The level of competition in the industries have no impact on the entry. Base on the empirical results, this paper suggests to enhance the ratio of private enterprises in competitive industries, prevent larger companies from monopolizing, increase the R&D investment of private enterprises, and adjust the allocations of industry and policy resources.

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The Paradox between Imagination and Reality：Has “National Character” Hindered the Establishment of Modern China？

LIU Xu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 139-144. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.016

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The immortal image of Ah Q created by LU Xun represents Chinese people’s spirit profoundly. But the national character embodied in Ah Q has been questioned increasingly in the new context of contemporary China. Firstly, national character might alter along with the changes of the environment, which can be proved in the practice of revolution in the liberated areas and ZHAO Shu-li’s works. Secondly, the Western colonialism is hidden in the national character theory, and all peoples in the world, besides Chinese people, have their respective national characters. Thirdly, the national character theory indeed originates from economic backwardness, but they are not necessarily linked. In short, Lu Xun’s Ah Q is still an unsurpassed literary figure, but the fact that the national theory endures for a century essentially reflects modern Chinese intellectuals’ deep economic anxiety in the construction of self-otherness under subjective summons..

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Destruction and Reconstruction: On the Changes of Philosophical Connotations of Desert Island Fictions

BAI Chun-su

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (1): 145-151. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.01.017

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Desert island fictions usually have a typical theme, mainly following the plot mode that a person suffers shipwreck, goes through many dangers on a desert island, and returns to society finally. The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Lord of the Flies, The Island of the Day Before, these three representative works apparently show the changes of philosophical connotations of desert island fictions in terms of space meaning, desire representation and ultimate orientation. While the confident spirit in The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is destroyed in Lord of the Flies, it is rebuilt reflectively and gently in The Island of the Day Before, which reveals a turn from absolute to relative, unitary to multivariate, and “reality” to “retreat”.

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On the “Structure of Culture and Life” in the “Unity of Body/Appearance and Spirit” and Its Methodological Significance: The Implication of Cultural Philosophy in the “Distinction between Body/Appearance and Spirit” in Ancient Chinese Philosophy

ZHU Yi-ting

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 1-13. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．００１

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“Body/appearance” (xing) and “spirit”(shen) constitute a pair of important categories in ancient Chinese philosophy, while the distinction between them an significant theme. Originally as a philosophical reflection of the structure of human life, this pair of categories has prevailed in various fields such as art, literature, architecture, medicine and martial arts. Along with the arising interest in traditional Chinese learning, the relationship between body/appearance and spirit in painting, traditional Chinese medicine, the nourishing of life, martial arts and other fields has been widely discussed. However, neither discussion has reached the level of cultural philosophy. To propose and argue for the concept of the “structure of culture and life” in the “unity of body/appearance and spirit” is to reveal the implication of cultural philosophy in the “distinction between body/appearance and spirit” in ancient Chinese philosophy as well as its methodological significance to current cultural construction.

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The New Historical Study of Revolution and the New Narrative in the Study of Shanghai in 1950s

ZHANG Ji-shun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 14-20. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．００２

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Challenged by the “theory of totalitarianism” and the “theory of modernization”, the historical study of revolution that takes grand narratives of revolution as the only research approach and method has been discarded by many researchers of the history of contemporary China. Also influenced by these two kinds of theories, especially the latter one, the historical study of Shanghai has “bidden farewell” to grand narratives of revolution, separating social and cultural history from the history of revolution, and then putting the historical study of Shanghai in 1950s in the “black narrative” of totalitarianism and the isolation of modernization. This new approach recalls the history of revolution in terms of the continuity of Chinese revolutions in 20th century and its multiple meanings and provides a new dimension of the historical study of Shanghai. In light of this new approach, the historical study of Shanghai in 1950s presents various facets. Three kinds of narratives and perspectives, that is, revolution, nation and society, collide and influence one another. The statement that “the image of metropolis is vanishing, while the modernity remains” reflects the new narrative melody as well as the historical theme in Shanghai in 1950s.

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On the Revision of LÜ Si-mian’s A History of China in Modern Chinese Language and Related Issues

ZHANG Geng-hua & ZHU Wei-ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 21-30. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．００３

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With the change of the situation and public opinions in 1920s and 1930s, it became a difficult problem for both LÜ Si-mian, the author and the Commercial Press, the publisher whether it is necessary and how to revise certain “inappropriate” depictions and comments in LÜ’s A History of China in Modern Chinese Language. Despite of its unwillingness, the press tended to make necessary revision under the pressure of the situation and public opinions so as to ensure the reprint of the book. On the contrary, LÜ refused to revise his book because of external forces, let alone revising his academic opinions according to certain practical needs. However, he had to take public opinions and the situation of the press into account. As the last choice, the revision of the book was eventually carried out by the editor of the press. The case of this revision shows the lasting problem in historical study: Should a historian pander to public opinions in the price of the truth or persist in the truth when there is conflict between seeking for the truth in historical study and practical needs of society? Should a society demand a historian to cover the truth to cater to public opinions or not? There seems to be no answer to this dilemma up till now.

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On the Suppression of LÜ Si-mian’s A History of China in Modern Chinese Language

WANG Meng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 31-38. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．００４

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LÜ Si-mian’s A History of China in Modern Chinese Language was firstly published in1923. As the first book of China’s general history written in modern Chinese language, it has a great role in China’s history of historiography and that of education. However, few people know that this book was once suppressed by the government of the Republic of China, which had been a heated discussion for decades in the academic circle. Later, this debate even went beyond the academic field. This thesis tries to restore the process of suppression, the reactions of the academic circle and the fate of this book during the political movements in the new era. We may understand the intellectuals’ particular situations as well as their corresponding choices.

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Political Empowerment and Political Integration: A Political Analysis on the Enlargement of Suffrage in the U.K. in 1832

WANG Ke-yuan & QI Wei-ping

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 39-44. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．００５

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Political empowerment is beneficial to the realization of the political integration of marginal population. Reform Act 1832 in the U.K. realized the political empowerment of the bourgeoisie in industry and commerce because of the following three reasons: first, the middle class, who “had money but no power”, and the lower class did not want to continue the same life as before; second, the ruling class could not rule as before; third, it was influenced by French Revolution and other international elements. The realization of the political integration of the bourgeoisie in industry and commerce due to Reform Act 1832 and the enlargement of suffrage, i.e., the political empowerment, was quite significant: first, in the short term, it relieved the sharp political conflict and maintained political stability at that time in the U.K.; second, in the long term, it promoted the political awareness of compromise and provided a paradigm for later peaceful reforms in the U.K.; third, it also explains why reformism dominates the history of the labor movement in the U.K. The political system reform in current China can learn much from the reforms in the U.K.

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The Imbalanced Development, Class Conflict, and the Reconstruction of Productive Relations: On Marx and Engels’s Theory of Development

HU Jian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 45-55. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．００６

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Marx and Engels lay keen emphasis on the issue of development. Rather than simply from the perspective of economy, they consider it in terms of the global development of capitalism as well as related class conflict and the reconstruction of productive relations. Due to the imbalanced development in the capitalist system, multi-layer political and economic relations exist in the capitalist system at the international level, which makes class conflict in the capitalist system inevitable, and the consequent reconstruction of capitalist productive relations intensifies the imbalanced development in the capitalist system in turn. However, such an imbalanced system has created the premise for the further development of human society, and lays a solid material foundation for a more advanced social system. Hence, Marx and Engels believe that capitalism has positive significance to the development of human society.

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Rights, Virtue and Happy Life

LIU Ke

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 56-62. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．００７

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Happiness is always an important issue in ethics. Differing from that in the ancient time, contemporary discussion about happiness takes rights as the premise and key to obtain happiness in life. When Rawls and other philosophers explain rights with “primary goods”, they effectively point out the fundamental material conditions for happiness in social life. Amartya Sen regards capability as a key concept for rights, stressing that happiness is not only about the meeting of external conditions, but it is all about the application and display of personal capability. Sen’s concept of capability comes from Aristotle’s theory of function. In Aristotle, function and virtue are closely linked in the sense that the function of human beings demonstrates in a teleological way the excellence, and consequently the value of human beings. Sen’s discussion of happiness from rights to capability and then to virtue shows that we can go beyond the abstract context of modern normative ethics and understand rights in the context of human value and the meaning of life on the one hand, and we can also re-examine and re-define happiness from the perspective of virtue.

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Nietzsche’s Discovery and Re-interpretation of Agonistic Ethics

FAN Zhi-jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 63-68. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．００８

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Modern political theory of agonism is a result of introducing Nietzsche’s agonistic ethics to understand liberty and democracy. Nietzsche discovers the ignored ethic of agonism in ancient Greece and expounds it deeply in his Also Sprache Zarathustra. Nietzsche states that agonism and transcendence constitutes the essence of life. He builds a nation in a “benign war” for the cultivation of supermen, reconstructs agonistic ethics of friendship, and re-defines agonistic concepts of good and justice. Being aristocratic, Nietzsche’s agonistic ethics is opposite to and competitive with modern cooperative morality of common people. It aims to avoid moral banality caused by the dominance of the morality of common people. However, it is both possible and necessary for these two to reach reconciliation through competition.

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The Practice of Tantric Buddhism and the Formation and Development of the Custom of Five-color Strings in the Song Dynasty

XIA Guang-xing YAN Wei-wei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 69-74. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．００９

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Tantric Buddhism Sutra was firstly translated into Chinese and spread in China in the late Han and early Wei Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, Tantric Buddhism school was founded and its practice was widely accepted by both government officials and common people. Although it was greatly weakened due to the catastrophe that Buddhism suffered during the period of Huichang in the Tang Dynasty, Tantric Buddhism, with its secularization, had penetrated into the daily life of common people. For instance, the custom of five-color strings and the folk practice of Tantric Buddhism impacted upon one another. Influenced by the doctrines of Five Agents, there had been the custom of wearing five-color strings to avoid and drive out evil spirits in the Dragon Boat Festival since the Han Dynasty. However, in the Song Dynasty, it was combined with the Great Compassion Mantra of Tantric Buddhism and then Candraprabha, one of its main Buddhas. With such enchantment, people began to wear five-color strings not only in the Dragon Boat Festival but in the Double Seventh Festival as well, and this custom was even transformed into the “Daughter’s Festival” in some places. A historical study of this custom helps us not only represent the special folk culture in the Tang and Song Dynasties but also understand better the social life and religions at that time.

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The Mechanism Change of Folk Customs in Beijing’s Inner-city Areas in the 18th Century Reflected in the Inscriptions on Tablets

JU Xi)

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 75-82. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１０

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In the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasties, the city folk customs in Beijing nearly remained the same in form, but the custom undertakers and their motivations had greatly changed. The inscriptions on 585 tablets in the inner city areas in Beijing show that since the 18th century, the inner city areas in Beijing had not only witnessed a peak of tablet establishment, but also seen a change of the subjects who set up temples and tablets from the officials and eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty and the Han officials in the early Qing Dynasty to common citizens. Meanwhile, the names of guilds and firms were inscribed on the back of tablets for the first time, non-governmental organizations with autonomy cropped up, and feminist organizations started to appear, all of which reflects the fact of social transformation. Folk activities such as celebrating the birth of Guan Yu, offering incense on Mount Yaji were inherited from the Ming Dynasty, but their undertakers and motivations had been totally changed. This shows that the practice of reforming and taking advantage of folk custom resources does not merely exist in modern society. The inscriptions on tablets help us discover the inner mechanism of folk customs.

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On the Issues concerning Agricultural Co-operatives in the Structural Reform of Japan’s Agriculture

ZHANG Jian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 83-91. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１１

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As far as the reform of Japan’s Agricultural Co-operatives is concerned, there are opposite voices such as “protection should be regarded as the premise of reform” and “disintegration is prior”. This paper aims to analyze the key problem that Japan agriculture meets, that is, the position of Agricultural Co-operatives in the structural reform and the relationship between Agricultural Co-operatives and the structural reform, so as to find out a middle- and long-term feasible solution to Japan’s Agricultural Co-operatives reform. The paper also examines important agricultural policies related to the structural reform in Japan after World War II. The future reform of Japan’s Agricultural Co-operatives wants administrative reforms in organizations and operation and stripping off its financial business so as to transform Japan’s Agricultural Co-operatives into organizations specialized in agricultural business in a middle term and competitive modernized agricultural organizations in a long term.

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On the Operation Mechanism and Development Dilemma of the Involvement of Professional Social Work in the Petition Mediation: A Case Study on the C Project in Shanghai

WU Tong & CHEN Bei-li

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 92-100. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１２

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With the projects that governmental departments purchase social work service to mediate petition as the research object, this thesis attempts to reveal the operation mechanism and development dilemma of district-neighborhood petition mediation mechanism via social work service. We shall admit that professional social work organizations have achieved a benign interaction between the state and society in terms of compliant letters and visits mediation, activated national administration resources and enhanced efficiency of petition mediation by linking to national organization networks via a series of regulations. Therefore, it is an exploratory and effective attempt for the mediation mechanism which aims to maintain social stability to adopt professional social work. Of course, both the consignor (government) and the consignee (social organizations) need to understand correctly and objectively the role and status of professional social work in dealing with petition and orientate precisely social work’s involving in order to maintain its professionality and legitimacy. Moreover, we should not limit the role of professional social work to the social conflicts that are difficult for the department of petition to deal with, but put the professional social work in a bigger mediation mechanism, endow it with more freedom and trust, promote the development of the overall work of petition and eventually correct the malpractices in current petition system.

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The New Urbanization and the Possibility of a Breakthrough in the “Hu Line”

ZHANG Yong-yue & SONG Yan-jiao & ZHANG Chuan-yong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 101-112. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１３

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It has been 80 years since the “Hu Line” was put forward in 1935, while the pattern of uneven distribution of population in China hasn’t changed much. However, some key factors affecting population distribution are facing from quantitative to qualitative transformation in new historical conditions. Different from natural conditions, accelerated economic and technical conditions and the strategy requirement from social policies may change the pattern of the “Hu Line”. In this process, the new urbanization is the goal of breaking through the “Hu Line”, namely, relative equilibrium of population distribution in space, balanced development of regional industry and the equalization of urban-rural public services. At the same time, the new urbanization may give an important impetus to the breakthrough of “Hu Line”. The example of Xinjiang Province provides an evidence of the possibility of breaking through the “Hu Line” in the western regions. Therefore, relevant departments should actively build population flow channels to gradually realize the space equilibrium of population distribution, strengthen industrial development to achieve the region balance of industry and promote the integration of public services to realize the region equilibrium of livable conditions.

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The Strategy Choices of China’s Central-Controlled State-Owned Enterprises’ Outbound Foreign Direct Investment

FENG Ti-yi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 113-123. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１３

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The expanding rate of Chinese outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is unprecedented, and the majority is undertaken by Central-Controlled state-owned enterprises (CSOEs). However, to the best of our knowledge, there has little analysis of CSOEs’ OFDI in literature for the reason of unavailable data. To fill the research gap, this paper focuses on describing the nature characteristics of CSOEs’ OFDI by using hand-collected data especially concerning industry distribution, location distribution and entry modes. The results show that CSOEs prefer to invest in nature resource-rich countries and industries, Asia and Africa attract most CSOEs’ OFDI, and investments in rest of continents are increasing steadily. The location distribution is more rational over time. Industry distribution concentrated on the second industry, such as mining, construction and manufacture. In addition, setting up new plants or wholly-owned new companies is the main entry mode. In effect, the 2008 finance crisis has promoted CSOEs’ OFDI, especially in mergers and acquisitions.

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An Analysis of Onshore and Offshore RMB Exchange Rate Linkage Based on the Data before and after the Establishment of CNH Market

SHENG Bao-lian & QING Nan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 124-132. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１５

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In August 2010, Hong Kong’s offshore RMB market, namely CNH market, was officially born, which makes a diverse RMB exchange rate market structure together with onshore RMB exchange rate (CNY) market and offshore non-deliverable forward (NDF) market. Due to the fact that the interaction of RMB exchange rate between these three markets attracts more and more attention, the research on the linkage relation of onshore and offshore RMB exchange rate under this background is of great significance. This paper selects RMB exchange rate against US dollar of CNY, CNH, NDF1M and NDF1Y from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2014. Taking the establishment date of CNH market, August 23, 2010, and December 31, 2012 as nodes, three stages are divided. Using co-integration test, Granger causality test and impulse response function, the interaction relationship between onshore and offshore RMB exchange rate before and after the birth of CNH market is measured. The empirical results show that before the establishment of CNH, CNY is Granger cause of NDF1M, after that, close information transmission between CNY and CNH is existing, and the impact of NDF1Y on CNY goes through the trend from decreasing to increasing. In short, the birth of CNH market makes RMB exchange rate in three markets more and more interactive.

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On Hotspot and Frontier Issues concerning Internet Finance Research: An Analysis Based on Citespace

XU Xin & FENG Shi-hui

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 133-139. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１６

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With the development of information technology and mobile communications, the internet financial service platforms, including the third-party payment, online microfinance and credit payment, are rapidly rising. Internet finance is expanding with an unprecedented speed, which not only changes the traditional finance a lot, but also brings a vast number of new topics to academia. This paper tries to use Citespace to analyze the literature of internet finance in Web of Science from 2003 to 2013. By using visualization map in the analysis of the institutes and countries, this paper tries to show the influence distribution in the field of internet finance research. We find that America makes the most contribution in the amount of academic literatures and England has the biggest academic influence in this field. A keywords co-occurrence analysis will discover the development history and hot topics in the past ten years. This paper also discusses the future development trend based on the literature co-occurrence and burst detection and believes that risk-management will be a frontier issue.

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On the Self-transformation of the Noble Literati in the Northern and Southern Dynasties: A Case Study on YAN Zhi-tui’s Criticism of FAN Ye

CAO Xu ＆ QUAN Liang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 140-148. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１７

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At the end of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, YAN Zhi-tui remarked FAN Ye’s The History of the Later Han Dynasty but ignored FAN’s name. YAN and FAN were both noble scholars, but YAN disliked FAN’s faith and personality. YAN’s criticism of FAN was a symbol of the self-transformation of the noble literati. YAN changed his thoughts and lifestyle to adapt to the new time and survive in the new social environment. He was an example of successful transformation.

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Physical and Metaphysical Reflections on “Translatability/Untranslatability

GAO Ning

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 149-156. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１８

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This paper explores the question of translatability/untranslatability from the physical and metaphysical perspectives by examining the Japanese translation of the classical Chinese poem “In the Quiet Night” (Jingye si). This paper argues that translatability depends on being effable. While translatability is more important at the metaphysical level, translatability and untranslatability are interdependent at the physical level. The degree of translatability concerns both translatability and untranslatability.

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An Examination on Coral Net’s Plagiarizing YU Feng-qing’s Prefaces and Postscripts of Paintings and Calligraphies: Also on the Difficult Situation of Public Cataloguers in the Ming Dynasty

HAN Jin & ZHU Chun-feng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (2): 157-166. DOI: １０．１６３８２／ｊ．ｃｎｋｉ．１０００５５７９．２０１５．０２．０１９

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Prefaces and Postscripts of Paintings and Calligraphies and Coral Net were compiled successively in Jiaxing County, Zhejing Province during the reign of Emperor Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty. These two books are both catalogs of paintings and calligraphies in the style of collecting prefaces and postscripts. Coral Net and its compiler WANG Luo-yu are more famous, which are frequently quoted by appreciators of paintings and calligraphies in past dynasties. By comparing these two books, however, one can find that many prefaces and postscripts are respectively recorded in them. Coral Net copies a lot of sentences and ideas from Prefaces and Postscripts. Technical methods such as changing word order and revising relative signature in order to conceal the fact of plagiarism. The limited spread of Prefaces and Postscripts leaves space for Coral Net to plagiarize. WANG Luo-yu’s advantages in his family reputation, his wide circle of acquaintances and his influence result in a higher position of his book in later generations. The fate of YU Feng-qing, as well as his lower status, his difficult situation in life and work, was common among public cataloguers of paintings and calligraphies. This also reflects the big problem of seeking academic sincerity.

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An Interpretation of Zhuangzi’s Qiwulun

YANG Guo-rong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (3): 1-25. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.03.001

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Qiwulun, i.e., Zhuangzi Chapter 2 explores into the issue of equality. Logically speaking, “qiwulun” means “qiwu-lun”, that is, a doctrine of the equality of things on the one hand, and “qi-wulun”, that is, the equality of views of things on the other. As a doctrine of the equality of things, qiwu-lun holds that the equalization of things with differentiation is possible in treating all things in the world in spite of the variety of their appearance. In “qi-wulun”,“wulun”refers to different views of things in particular and all debates of rightness and wrongness in general. From the perspective of qi, i.e., equality, “qiwulun” demands to overcome both the differentiation of beings and the debates of rightness and wrongness in the realm of idea. Philosophically speaking, Zhuangzi does have his insights when he advocates to achieve the unified being from the perspective of the dao and to overcome the state that “the comprehension of the dao is sundered in pieces under the heaven”. However, as far as reality is concerned, besides the dimension of correlation and unity, the world contains the dimension of variety and differentiation: “Things are not equal- this is the fact of things.” The denial and rejection of differentiation and distinction will inevitably lead to an abstract understanding of being. The equalization of things with differentiation will also easily result in a speculative metaphysics which is distant from actual and concrete beings. The coexistence of the perspective of the dao and the abstract equalization brings Zhuangzi’s “qiwulun” complicated theoretical implications.

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Synergistic Governance of Social Credit: Institute, Technology and Culture

CHENG Min-xuan & LI Xiao-hong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (3): 26-31. DOI: 10、16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.03.002

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Institute, technology and culture are indispensable parts for social credit governance. In this paper, institute is generally referred to those about credit. Technology is the technological factors for social credit governance which is also called social system in narrow sense. Culture is to cultivate credit culture. In what extent a state or area’s credit governance will be, which is determined by the extent of institute and technology as well as culture’s synergistic governance can reach to .Perfect institute and technology is aimed to strengthen external bounds of social credit governance while cultivating culture is paid attention to develop internal bounds of credit main bodies. With the synergistic governance of the three, rational credit and honesty credit can exist together. And with credit culture’s invisible effecting, honesty credit will be strengthened gradually. Only with the synergy of the three can social credit governance touch the degree of synergistic governance, as well good credit order may be developed and sustained.

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On the Reconstruction of Ecological Tibetan Cultural Landscapes in Nalang

FAN Chang-feng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (3): 32-40. DOI: 10、16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.03.003

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Who are producing space, portraying landscape? And for whom? From the perspective of anthropology and new cultural geography, this paper investigates the crises, ruins, memory and reconstruction of cultural landscapes of Tibetan villages in Nalang in the northeastern Tibet Plateau in China. It finds out the appeal to cultural identity construction and power shifting to lower levels is concealed under the veil of landscapes. Collective memory plays an important role in the reconstruction of cultural space and memory selecting is a dynamic process which creates meanings for the present. The reconstruction of cultural space is more than the renovation and repair of visible geometric figures. More importantly, it means the renovation of local sense of belonging, values, order and power, as well as the space of local organizations, in which symbolic resources are invisible systems of meanings. From the perspective of cultural anthropology, those who master the past control the future and those who own landscapes have a stage to deliver discourse.

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An Legal-historical Examination of Patent Pool, Competition Restraint and Antitrust Regulations: A Case Study on Germany before and after the First World War

ZHANG Chen-guo

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2015, 47 (3): 41-47. DOI: 10、16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2015.03.004

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The overlapping area of patent law and competition law, especially the subject matter of regulation against the abuse of patent rights in the form of patent pool by means of competition law, constitutes a key issue for the intellectual property law research in China. Based on China’s current legal and social context of patent fever, the transformation of the patent law, the enforcement of antitrust law fine-tuning, and competition policy re-balancing, this thesis adopts a legal-historical approach to examine the model of Germany before and after the First World War comparable to the present state of China. It studies the historical origin of the subject matter in the German context, analyzes the formulation and enforcement of the antitrust policy regarding patent pool under certain macroeconomic background and concludes the pros and cons for the related theoretical research and the definition of regulative approach concerning the subject matter in China.

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