Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)

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Rural Governance: Problems and Solutions

QI Wei-Ping,LIU Yi-Fei,HAO Yu-Qing,LUO Xing-Zuo,ZHANG Jin-Song,SHANGGUAN Jiu-Rui

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 1-12. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.001

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Rural Governance constitutes the important foundation and essential part of national and social governance in contemporary China. In order to realize rural governance with Chinese characteristics, we must solve the following problems not only at the theoretical level but at the practical level as well: rural governance cannot hinder the modernization of state governance; CPC organizations at the primary-level have to face the arduous task of regaining the cohesive force and building democracy; the leadership of such CPC organizations depends on smoothening the relationships with various social organizations in rural areas; successful communitization of rural areas and citizenization of rural population in the process of urbanization is essential to the modernization of rural governance; beautiful countryside construction and rural modernization shall be unified in rural governance.

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Farmers’ Virtue Enlightenment and Rural governance: Focusing on the Transformation of the View Concerning Righteousness and Profit and that Concerning Principle and Desire

LI Wei-Chao

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 13-18. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.002

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Since the practice of reform and opening-up, there has been a shift of the view concerning righteousness and profit and that concerning principle and desire in China’s rural areas: with the turning from traditional morals of regulating profit by means of righteousness and desire by means of principle to new pursuits of combining righteousness with desire and principle with desire and even to giving propriety to profit and desire unfortunately, the trend of the separation of profit from righteousness and desire from principle implies value crisis of treating morals in a utilitarian and even nihilistic way. Therefore, it is essential for the rural governance to achieve new rational understandings of the relationship between righteousness and profit and that between principle and desire by absorbing traditional wisdom and adapting to the new situation of the time.

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On Master Liu’s Essay on Rites and Its Different Versions Compiled in Later Periods

FANG Guang-Chang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 19-30. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.003

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The oldest version of extant Master Liu’s Essay on Rites (Liushi Liwen) as a Dunhuang manuscript from the Northern and Southern Dynasties is reputedly a ritual text of worship advocated by venerable Master LIU Sa-he in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. By examining the text variation and historical transformation of extant Master Liu’s Essays on Rites, including the Dunhuang manuscript and 16 versions compiled in later periods, this paper finds that Master Liu’s Essays on Rites has been changing itself with the times, catering to the people and mixing various elements of many cultures, which may provide a good perspective for us to study the evolvement of ritual Buddhism.

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An Philological Investigation of the Meishan Shuilu Ritual Text

HOU Chong,ZHANG Bei-Bei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 31-38. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.004

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Although they are often placed in the same category, the relationship between SU Shi’s Eulogy of Shuilu Scenes and Meishan Shuilu Ritual Text has not been cleared due to limited documents. Based on the message of “the rare edition of Chan Master Fa-yong in Fayun Temple” in the brief introduction to the Eulogy, this paper finds that the Eulogy was written in 1091 and thus independent of the Shuilu rite organized by SU Shi for his dead wife in 1093. The two Buddhist records newly unearthed in Kunming show that Meishan, also called Longhua Shuilu Ritual Text, was compiled by lay Buddhist ZHANG Xing-yun and Chan Master Bao-yue in the Southern Song Dynasty. It adopts SU Shi’s Eulogy based upon YANG Er’s Shuilu Ritual Text and Zen Master Zu-jue’s Shuilu Fast Ritual Text.

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Dao-yin’s “Eulogy and Prayer of Sacrifices Offering” in Dunhuang Manuscripts and Its Academic Value

WANG Zhao-Guo(Ding-Yuan)

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 39-44. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.005

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This paper introduces Daoyin’s “Eulogy and Prayer of Sacrifices Offering Ordered by the Emperor on the Occasion of Erecting a Stele at the Pagoda of Chan Master Dai-hui on July 30th of the 16th Year of the Kaiyuan Period in the Tang Dynasty” in the third Dunhuang manuscripts, and reconstructs the content of the text according to the manuscripts. Then the paper discusses the nature of the text, indentifying it as a prayer text of sacrifices offering. It finally evaluates the text in the studies of Monk Yi-xing, the life of Dao-yin and sacrifices offering events during the Tang Dynasty.

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What Is the “Inverse Cultivation”?: Starting from Its First Appearance in Sutras

WU Xiao-Jie

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 45-50. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.006

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What does “inverse cultivation” means? This shall start from its first appearance in the Sutra of Sukhavati in Ten Directions. Among four kinds of people mentioned in the sutra, only those who understand Buddhist doctrines and put them into practice can conduct “inverse cultivation”. The “inverse cultivation”, as a ritual of fast and offering sacrifices, does not oppose the cultivation for gaining meritorious rewards after death. On the contrary, they are essentially the same in encouraging people to do good things and get meritorious rewards.

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On the Rituals in the Practices of Pure Conducts of Jingzhuzi

CAO Ling

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 51-57. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.007

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XIAO Zi-liang’s Practices of Pure Conducts of Jingzhuzi is significant for the study of Buddhist rituals in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. By investigating its content of rituals and structure, this thesis finds that all the 31 chapters of the Practices are about the rituals and orderly arranged from this perspective. The Practices are essentially of confession rituals with the form of “five confessions”, which has been reformed so as to reinforce rituals’ function of teaching people to do good. This has greatly influenced the arrangement of rituals in Methods of Confession in Cibeidaochang. Besides, the thesis makes the comparison of the ideas of rituals between the Practices and Da?abhūmika-vibhā?ā-?āstra and detectes the contributions made by XIAO’s Practices.

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Celebration and Politics: Exploration of the Historical Events Concerning “Celebration Ceremony of the Victory of Anti-Japanese War” in 1945

ZHOU Wu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 58-76. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.008

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After the victory of Anti-Japanese War in 1945, the national government in the secondary capital Chongqing decided to hold a nationwide celebration ceremony of the victory under the name of the nation on World Anti- Fascist War and China’s Anti-Japanese War Victory Day and issued Implementation of Celebration Ceremony nationwide. Chongqing was the first to establish “Celebration Ceremony Preparatory Committee in the Secondary Capital” and held a grand ceremony in Jiaochangkou on September 3rd. Immediately after that, “Celebration Ceremony Preparatory Committee in Shanghai”, with its office on No. 65, Gedeng Road (today’s Jiangning Road), was established to prepare for the celebration ceremony in Shanghai. However, the ceremony in Shanghai was postponed to October 10th because the administrators of the allied armies, national armies and Shanghai municipal government failed to arrive in Shanghai on the Victory Day. The ceremony was held in Shanghai Race Club with unprecedented spectacular scene and fervent atmosphere. It was the first grandest civil “celebration” ceremony as well as an outstanding ceremony under the name of the nation held in Shanghai after the withdrawal of concessions and the unity of municipal authorities. However, the ceremony has not aroused enough attention of scholars up to now. Focusing on Shanghai, this paper explores the preparation and concrete process of the ceremony and discusses the relationship between the celebration ceremony and politics based on related archives and other materials.

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The Johnson Administration’s Debate and Decision on the ABM Deployment

LIU Lei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 82-92. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.009

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During the time of the Johnson administration, U.S. military and the government had heated and long-lasting debates on the deployment of the Nike-X ABM system against the backdrop of national defense strategy adjustment. The Johnson administration finally decided to deploy a limited ABM system in some selected regions for such reasons: internal political struggle, intention to force the Soviets to join in the arms control negotiation, and defense against the third party’s missile strike. This was the first official ABM deployment decision in American history, which deeply influenced America’s ABM deployment policy afterwards.

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Language Contact and the Emergence of New Languages

YOU Ru-Jie

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 93-100. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.010

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In modern China, all the new languages are hybrid languages which emerge due to language contact rather than population migration or the division of existing languages. A hybrid dialect is a new dialect with stable phonology after mixing up two or more dialects. It has been used as mother tongue by local residents with simplification of phonology as its most prominent feature. There are four types of hybrid dialects: boundary, migration, Creole and Koine dialects.

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On the Causative and Passive Markers in Shanghai Dialect

YANG Kai-Rong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 101-108. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.011

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“Jiao34/nian23/bek5” are all causative markers in Shanghai dialect, but the causative meanings they represent are different. This paper argues for a new classification of the markers’ causative types and discusses the grammaticalization of “bek5???”, whose meaning extends from ‘providing’ to passive. We analyze corpus data and hold that it is through negative causative factors (i.e. non-permission) that “bek5???” acquires its passive meaning. Only “bek5???” that denotes non-permission has both causative and passive interpretations. This semantic connection is crucial to why “bek5” can function both as a causative and a passive marker.

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A Study on Conversational Repair Strategies in CSL Classroom

WU Yong-Yi,WANG Dan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 109-115. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.012

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Applying the theory of conversational repair and using classroom records, corpuses, interviews and other research methods, this paper conducts a small empirical research on the type and proportion of conversational repair in CSL (Chinese as second language) classroom. The result objectively shows the dominant position of other-initiation and other-repair in the CSL classroom conversational repairs, in which the teachers (others) are overwhelmingly dominant. This is a unique phenomenon in the second language learning and acquisition, different from the daily conversation of the first language (mother tongue). Meanwhile, this paper makes another creative attempt to construct a theoretical system after sorting out conversational repair strategies for both CSL teachers and students.

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On the Incompatibility of Plural Marker “Men” with Numerals: From the Perspective of the Distinctions of Chinese-English Number Categories

SANG Zi-Hong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 116-121. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.013

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This paper discusses the incompatibility of plural marker “men” with numerals in Chinese from a cross-linguistic perspective between Chinese and English. It comes to a conclusion that “men” is both an addictive plural marker and an associative plural marker. As an addictive plural marker, noun phrases plus “men” doesn’t refer to atomic members and is consequently incompatible with a numeral which signifies an exact number. When “men” is an associative plural marker, the heterogeneity between members in the set it refers to causes the failure of counting due to the fact that counting is based on homogeneity. In contrast, English plural marker “-s” entails general numbers including singulars and plurals so that it is compatible with numbers. While “-s” implies both singulars and plurals, “men” is a real plural marker which exclusively refers to plurals.

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On the Seduction in Oleanna

LIANG Chao-Qun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 122-129. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.014

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The hegemony of discourse production constantly courses misunderstandings, resulting in gaps and contradiction in our consciousness. Almost all the available researches on David Mamet’s Oleanna unconsciously interprete it in the mirror of production, which has caused evasive interpretations. This paper places the play back into the tension between production and seduction both in Baudriallardian sense, reading carefully the seduction scenes in the play on stage and exculpating the accused character and the equally accused playwright. The significance of the play is not in its apparent confrontation with feminism, but in urging us to break the discursive monopoly of production, and facing our seducible self, and guiding us into a conscious reconstruction of the tension between production and seduction.

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Exploring New Urban Poetics: On XU Fang’s Poetics and Poetry

XU Dao-Jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 130-136. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.015

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As an urban poet with consciousness, XU Fang has constructed a new kind of urban poetics different from traditional pastoral, modernist ones and even that of the school of “urban poetry” in the past. XU’s urban poetry mainly creates “pure poetry” of urban life, rebuilds a harmonious relation between human beings and cities, and grasp the current in the context of modern time and agricultural time. Embodying her idea of urban poetics, XU’s works consists of the following three aspects: First, regarding the city as a thing-in-itself and “the second nature”, she describes the city from the perspective of a dweller and an observer at the same time; second, she captures the new life styles in the city, finds out the characteristics of city life and affirms the distinguished significance and value of the city; third, she takes the city as a method to experience the city. XU’s exploration of urban poetics and urban poetry is significant in promoting urban poetry originated in Shanghai to a new level.

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Design of Corporate Control, “Capitalist” Endowment and Entrepreneur Background

LAN Fa-Qin,ZHENG Wei,SONG Ju-Sheng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 137-145. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.016

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Due to “capitalist” endowment, actual controllers often make corporate control structure sophisticated with the intent to raise capital leverage, relief information disclosure pressure, establish platform for related transaction and satisfy the requirement for IPOs in China’s securities market. Via the empirical research on the A shares of private-owned listed companies in both Shanghai and Shenzhen markets, this paper finds that the younger and better educated the corporate actual controllers are, the higher their “capitalist” endowment would be, and this is especially true for controllers who own the business and management education background. However, special political identity will make actual controllers more cautious in exerting “capitalist” endowment and avoid intricate structure design of control right.

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“Eight Provisions”, Executive Control and the Perks

YANG Rong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 146-157. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.017

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In recent years, excessive perks in state-owned companies have aroused widespread concern. Taking the A-share state-owned companies listed from year 2010 to 2014 as samples, this paper empirically verifies that the “Eight Provisions” restrains the perks by executive control. It restrains not only the total perks but also the unusual perks. The “Eight Provisions” have more power in restraining the perks in lower executive control companies and listed central state-owned corporations. Therefore, to maximize the deterrent effect of the “Eight Provisions” on the perks, it is necessary to implement the “Eight Provisions” further in listed central state-owned corporations.

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Competition in Product Market, Internal Pay Gap and Company Performance

HAO Dong-Yang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 158-168. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.018

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Some exploratory research has been made on the relation between internal pay gap and company performance, yet there is no deep analysis on whether the relation varies with market circumstance. Based on institution background in China, this paper focuses on the relation between internal pay gap and company performance in the condition of different product market competition. The result shows that the relation forms an inverted U shape, and the turning point of the U shape moves to the right when the competition in product market gets more intense, which means that the best level of company’s internal pay gap will be higher when the competition in product market is more intense. This tells us that relevant government departments shall consider industry difference when controlling the internal pay gap to promote income equality. It is suitable to take advantage of bigger internal pay gap in the industries or companies of more intense competition so as to make internal pay gap fully play an incentive role.

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Empirical Test on Financial Listed Companies’ Executive Pay-for-Performance Sensitivity: Based on Performance Index PFMI

SUN Li,YANG Li-Ping

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (1): 169-179. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.01.019

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The high pay of the executives in financial companies has attracted the attention of the government and society. Since the financial sector plays an important role in the macro-economy, the government unveiled a series of compensation management and performance evaluation regulations. Considering the particular operation mode of the four different financial sub-sectors, that is, banking, insurance, securities and trust, this paper designs performance proxy variables PFMI according to the “financial performance evaluation standards”, and takes mixed regression and panel data regression approaches to study executive pay-for-performance sensitivity of the 42 financial companies listed on A-Share. This is quite different from most current studies, in which only one single financial performance indicator has been used. By comparing the sub-sectors of the financial industry, this paper shows that the listed banks’ executive pay has a positive correlation with bank performance and the executive pay-for-performance sensitivity is higher than other financial sectors while the pay-for-performance sensitivity of insurance takes the second place. Also, there is no significant correlation between the executive pay and the operation performance for securities and trust. These findings will have some empirical reference value for further improvement of financial institutions remuneration management.

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Confucian Classics Study as a Way of Life: Reading Collected Posthumous Works of Mr. WU Zhi-ren

WANG Fan-Sen

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 1-9. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.001

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WU Zhi-ren (Pou-zhong, 1631-1659), also called WU Qian-mu, was an intellectual who lived in Haiyan County during the later Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. In his short life, he devoted himself to practicing a new idea and a new life attitude, that is, “Confucian classics study as a way of life”. In Confucian tradition, which emphasizes practice, there are full of doctrines that guide life world. In spite of the variety of the relationship between Confucian classics study and life world, the existence of an organic relationship is definitely natural. However, under the impact of modern academic ideology, Confucian classics study is normally regarded as an objective study of classics. The ignore of the intimate relationship between Confucian classics and life world makes us fail to understand this important aspect of the intellectual history. Here is the historical significance of studying WU Qian-mu, a local intellectual whose vision and thoughts were relatively narrow: It can provide us an opportunity to examine a grass root intellectual’s activities in a region such as Haiyan when Yangming School was at low tide during the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty.

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New Songs of the Jade Terrace and the Historicist Interpretation of Medieval Chinese Literature

TIAN Xiao-Fei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 10-17. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.002

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In the age of Chinese medieval manuscript culture, the title, content, and authorship of a text are highly fluid. Through analyzing poems by Xiao Gang (503-551), Xu Gan (170-217) and Cao Cao (155-220) as preserved in the sixth-century poetic anthologyYutaixinyong(New Songs of the Jade Terrace), this article discusses how the sources of medieval texts negotiate with authorship attribution and textual variants, acting as crucial factors in the writing of literary history. The article calls for a historicist reading of medieval Chinese literature, which requires careful examination of sources as well as close reading of texts, hence averting anachronistic interpretations of medieval literature.

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On the Analytical Paradigm in Ethics: Its Significances, Problems, and Solutions (A Symposium)

DENG An-Qing,FENG Ping,WANG Xing-Fu,HAO Zhao-Kuan,WANG Jin-Lin,SUN Xiang-Chen

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 18-34. DOI: 10.16382/ j.cnki.1000-5579.2016.02.003

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The paradigm shifts of ethics not only closely relate to the development direction and goal of human civilization, but also directly associate with the founding principles of philosophy itself. As far as the founding principles are concerned, philosophy has experienced three stages: ontology as the classical form of First Philosophy, epistemology as the modern form, and ethics as the third and contemporary form. However, it is this third form, concerning both philosophy in general and ethics paradigm in particular, that gives rise to some indistinct, profound conundrums that we need to examine. In his “Critique of the Analytical Paradigm in Ethics”, Prof. DENG An-qing systematically criticizes the ethics paradigm characterized by an analytical approach for the first time, forcefully arguing that analytical ethics breaks away with the communicative context of social culture and abandons the ontological foundation of philosophy, and that its mere logical analysis of ethical terms and language must come to be “a self-defeating cause”. This idea has immediately aroused heated debates in the academic circle. Intending to carry out a deep argumentation, this group of theses mainly focus on the following issues: How to understand the relationship between analytical ethics and meta-ethics? How to understand the significances of the analytical paradigm in ethics? How to overcome its limits? How to understand the relationship between ethics and ontology? Obviously, this symposium is significant in urging us to theoretically explore the ethics paradigm’s and even the philosophy paradigm’s relationship to new forms of human civilization.

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Educational Philosophy of East Asian Confucianisms: A Twenty-first Century Perspective

HUANG Jun-Jie

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 35-45. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.004

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This article discusses the educational philosophy of Mencius, Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming, and analyzes the nature, aim, theoretical foundation and pedagogical methods of education in East Asian Confucianisms. We also discuss the relevance of Confucian educational philosophy for the 21st century. It is argued that Confucian philosophers defined “education” as the “Learning for Oneself.” The aim of education in the Confucian tradition lay in the “awakening of one’s moral subjectivity.” Confucian philosophers believed that one’s mind-heart was programed with moral values. Therefore, the major task of education was to invoke or awaken the student’s mind-heart. All of the educational ideals of East Asian Confucianisms were put into practice in the private academies since tenth century. To conclude, two messages from Confucian educational philosophy are particularly important for the 21st century. First, the mentor is of paramount importance in every stage of education. Second, a harmonious combination of the “etic” and the “emic” approach in education paves the way from the “transformation of self” to the “transformation of the world.”

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Mencius’ moral action and the growth of Personality

CHEN Zhi-Wei

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 46-51. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.005

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The motive power of moral action and the growth of Personality are both the important questions in moral philosophy. Mencius considers the sense of compassion (恻隐之心) that is the unmediated, immediateemotional factors as the innate motive power of moral action, and as the initiation of the growth of Personality; Through the theory of practice of Zhiyan and Yangqi (知言养气), Mencius elaborates the progress of the growth of Personality: Zhiyan(知言) is distinguishing good and evil, right and wrong, thus forming the certain belief; Moreover, Yangqi(养气) with the full of morality(集义) as medium affords innate support for the growth of Personality, and through Confucius’ appearance of the saint, Mencius demonstrates the ultimate goal of the theory of moral practice —fulfilling Personality. However, to realize this goal, we must start from the innate emotion Mind of Cannot bear(不忍人之心), and get through the spontaneity of natural instincts of action from RenYi(由仁义行), and fully show innate virtues at external bodies and forms, and make the forms and looks(形色) that are nature of the bodies completelyinternalize the human’s natural instincts, and ascribe all the source of moral action to it, thus accomplish the moral action’s naturalization. That is, by means of “Form Perfect Representation”(践形), the human reaches the saint Personality’s perfection &achievement.

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On The Moral Education Thinking About Bourdieu’s Reflexive Sociology

TANG Ai-Min

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 52-57. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.006

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Bourdieu’s “reflexive sociology” is a sociology paradigm that aims to make the subject learn to criticize the society, reflect on the existence of themselves, make reflective chooses and practices. ‘Reflexive sociology’ paradigm includes a strong flavour of moral interest and profound viewpoints of moral education，and the main components of these are: the real purpose of moral education is the formation and development of moral ‘habitus’; the main means of moral education is to dispel and exceed the ‘symbolic violence’; the core resource of moral education is the development and utilization of ‘cultural capital’. These insights are of important reference value for us to think about the essence and strategy of moral education.

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Young Hegel on ‘Jewish Question’

ZHU Xue-Ping

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 58-67. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.007

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From late Berne period to Frankfurt period, the philosophical thought of young Hegel gradually shifts its emphasis on Kant and Fichte's philosophy of subject to philosophy of unity under the influence of Schiller. In the context of this transition, to seek the origin of the alienation in the western world, and to find the way of overcoming the alienation, he had a long and persistent study of the spirit and fate of the Jews. During this process, Hegel not only exclusively concludes that Abraham was the real founder of the Jewish spirit, but also applies the philosophy of subject of Kant and Fichte to the interpretation of the origin and essence of Judaism, thus realizes the subjective and humanistic refomation of Judaism. On the other hand, the reception of Schiller's aethetics leads to his negation of the subjective spirit of the Jews, and find out a way to overcome the modern alienation through Greek spirit of love and beauty.

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The Relationship and Difference of Dependent Origination Theories in Mqdhyamika-!qstra and Qgama-S[tra

YAO Wei-Qun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 68-73. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.008

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Dependent origination theories occupy an important position in different period of Buddhist thought system. There is discourse about the dependent origination theories in the important Mahqyqna Buddhist literature Mqdhyamika-!qstra and also in Qgama-s[tra which keeps many early Buddhist thought.Such theories in the two have many same points or similarities. There are also some differences in their views.To research and analyse the relationship and difference of the two in dependent origination theories has a positive significance for understanding the theoretical change from Mahqyqna Buddhism to H ]nayqna Buddhism ,and the important characteristics of different period of Buddhist thought.

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A New Theory on the Status of the “Three Classifications of Buddha’s Teaching” of Mahayana and the TathagatagarbhaSutras

YANG Wei-Zhong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 74-81. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.009

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The Chinese Metaphysical Institute has regarded the “Tathagatagarbha Sutras” as an independent branch, in order to highlight the purity of Vijbanavada. From the sight of this School, that the Madhyamika and Vijbanavada of Mahayana in Indian Buddhism have been reliable. But what they then spread to China—the thought of “the Innate Enlightenment”, was misinformed. So the Tiantai Sect, Huayan School and Zen Buddhism surely compounded the error. The reason why Taixu strongly advocated the theory of the “three classifications of Buddha’s teaching”, was to oppose the proposition of the Chinese Metaphysical Institute, and to set up alegalized reason for the thought of Tathagatagarbha to be inherited and developed in China. However, Yin Shun developed a new style that he approved the judgment of the “three classifications of Buddha’s teaching” of India. But he only accepted Madhyamika and was softly critical of Tathagatagarbha.In fact, Tathagatagarbha sutras or the thought of Tathagatagarbha cannot be seen as an independent system from Madhyamika and Vijbanavada. In order to defend for the deep impact of the thought of Tathagatagarbha on the inwardness ideology of Chinese Buddhism, people didn’t need to establish theories only from the perspective of the “three classifications of Buddha’s teaching”. Under the gradual maturity of Madhyamika, the thought of Tathagatagarbha appeared with the combination of the “original purity of mind” of Hinayana and the Buddha’s view of Mahayana. After the emergence of Vijbanavada, the thought of Tathagatagarbha was gradually absorbed by it, and then lost its independent status.

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God and Justice: The Issue of Religion in Rawls’ Political Philosophy

WANG Jin-Yu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 82-88. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.010

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In his undergraduate thesis, “A Brief Inquiry into the Meaning of Sin and Faith”, John Rawls expressed his faith and understanding of religion as a young man. This thesis also demonstrates the close connection between his political philosophy and Christian ethics. The relationship among “A Brief Inquiry into the Meaning of Sin and Faith”, A theory of Justice and Political Liberalism shows that religion plays an important role in various ways in his political philosophy. Due to his early religious experience, Rawls reframed the traditional theory of social contract to built up a modern theory of justice. After recognizing the liberal neutrality’s failure to cope with religion’s challenge to political loyalty and political solidarity, Rawls put forward political liberalism to treat religion appropriately under the precondition that the fundamental of free constitution is guaranteed.

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Theory of evolution and Chinese historian’s Mode of thinking

LI Xiao-Qian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 89-98. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.011

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Since the late Qing Dynasty, people’s cognition and understanding of history has undergone an important turning due to the gradual eastward transmission of western learning. In the process of rapid changes in China historians' thoughts and under the influence of the theory of evolution, the historian basic thoughts came into being. Through a variety of channels, such as textbooks, popular books, newspapers, school education, ideological elements associated with the theory of evolution almost spread to every corner, becoming a ubiquitous way of thinking,hidden or significantly interfering with people on the history cognition and behavior choice. Affected by the acceptance and use of this kind of thinking, many of them are out of conscious awareness and more of an unconscious behavior. By the theory of evolution thinking, although popular, the affected people along with the style is vastly different, selectively accepted or opposite to each other, which can hardly come to identity.

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The Clan Predicament and Northern Crisis of the Ming Dynasty
—— A Case Study of Zhu Chongzhuo Rebellion in Jia Jing’s Reign

GU Jin-Chun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 99-105. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.012

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The border guard demoralization and clan predicament were two major border problems in Jia Jing’s Reign. With the decline of land reclamation system and expansion of imperial population, the financial crisis in the mid Ming Dynasty made the shortage of army pay and clan salaries more serious. The border guard demoralization deteriorated the living environment of clan there; conversely, clan predicament also deteriorated the border situation. This presented a vicious circle, which reflected in the Zhu Chongzhuo (Datong Clan) rebellion.The treason and plot by Zhu Chongzhuo would have been successful if that unexpected event did not happen,which it finally trigger the butterfly effect and led to its failure.And this failure reflected the paradox between the clan system’s original blueprint and historical destiny.

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Western Inspirations: Early Hong Kong Literary Criticism and Foreign Literary Trends

CHEN Guo-Qiu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 106-111. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.013

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The first series of the Compendium of Hong Kong Literature covers the period 1919-1949. Many academics cast doubts over this because given the culturally backward and literarily unproductive situation of Hong Kong in the pre-1949 years, finding enough pieces to fill up a literary anthology should be an impossible task. Yet the Compendium editors’ painstaking searches revealed that early Hong Kong literary creative works and other literary narratives exist in abundance. For example, the volume Literary Criticism shows that Hong Kong was a platform where various kinds of literary debates were held; it was also a focal point where foreign trends were imported. Using two concrete examples, this article illustrates that one can observe a silhouette of Hong Kong in the May Forth New Cultural Movement. Moreover, a literary magazine published in Hong Kong in the 1930s demonstrated an extraordinarily broad scope and introduced Western ideas from different places. We can thus see that Hong Kong, as a cultural space, has the ability of cultivating cultural workers who are new and progressive in their political and/or literary thinking. It is also a place where different cultural trends converge and collide.

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The Presence and Absence of “Guo Min” (Nation)——The Anti-Enlightenment Stance of Zhou Zuoren in the Later Period of Occupation

YUAN Yi-Dan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 112-119. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.014

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Being occupied indicated a separation of “min” (people) from “guo” (state). After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, the citizens of the Republic detained in North China were reduced to conquered people overnight. “胜国之民，何言政事，何云国民？” (People of a conquered nation, how could they discuss politics affairs, and how could they assert themselves as a nation?) The concept of “guo min” (nation) happened to serve as the entry point of Zhou Zuoren to deliberate the issues of Chinese thought in the later period of the Japanese occupation. From his two speeches titled “Chinese National Thought” to The Issues of Chinese Thought included in his collections, Zhou Zuoren’s diagnosis of the national thought turned from inward criticism to outward contradiction. The denunciation of the “national character” was in essence a set of enlightenment discourse, and the excavation of the deep-rooted bad habits of the nation by Zhou Zuoren during the “May Fourth” period performed conversely as a stumbling block to his change of thought in the fourties. The “guo — min” (state — people) separated in the real world stayed intact in Zhou Zuoren’s articles, which could be explained by a comeback of the racial revolution in the late Qing Dynasty but also should be attributed to the mere nominal existence of “the Republic of China” in the occupied area.

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The Tradition and Modernity in Chinese Classical Poetry: A Review of WU Sheng-qing’s Modern Archaics

JI Ling-Juan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 120-125. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.015

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This article reviews the new book Modern Archaics by the young scholar Professor Wu Shengqing. The author rethought and re-examined the May-Fourth tradition under which the historical violence brought about with the springing of modernity suppressed and neglected the voices of fighting in the big era. She believed that the refiguring the roles and positions of Chinese classical poetry helped restore the historical context and surpass the literature descriptive system confined by the old May-Fourth tradition. And on the aspect of methodology, she emphasized the reality of historical text, the co-textual relations, as well as the balance between the partial reality of materials and profound perception. The book has deepened the exploration into the tension and argumentative dialogue between classical poetry and modernity; what is more important, it has provided new way of thinking of alternative writing format for the literature history.

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Design of Incentive Mechanism for Implementation of Food Supply Chain Traceability System

DAI Yong,TANG Shu-Chuan,YIN Zheng-Yuan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 126-135. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.016

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Frequent food safety problems in recent years require us to construct an efficient food traceability system further, but the construction offood traceability system needs an effective incentive mechanism. The realization of incentive mechanism can be done by introducing responsibility cost function which is defined by traceability degree and traceability precision, and the mechanism has improved the implementation effect of traceability system effectively. The result indicates that the suppliers tend to choose low traceability to escape from responsibilities without pricing strategy. But when the pricing strategy is taken, it does well in improving supply chain traceability and realizing the maximization of the benefit of each member if the value of food is high or the construction cost is low.

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Cross-border Brand Mergers and Acquisitions of Chinese Firms: A Decision Framework and Recommendations

DING Li-Jian,HE Jia-Xun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 136-145. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.017

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Strategies choices before and after cross-border brand M&A of Chinese firms are quite important, because M&A are incidents outside the control of the consumers and employees that may influence their relationship and behavior toward the brands. The choices of strategies play a key role whether brand M&A can achieve the anticipated target. In view of this, it is very important to deeply study the decision-making framework of Chinese firms to implement cross-border brand M&A. It presents the decision-making framework for cross-border brand M&A of Chinese firms, choosing similar or complementary brands; strong or weak brands; international or local brands; using branded house strategy or house of brands strategy; using one brand or keeping both; integration or disintegration, and so on. Cross-border brand M&A by Jinjiang, Lenovo, Haier, Brightfood, Geely and other Chinese companies, provides a useful reference for the Chinese firms. For Chinese firms those will carry out brand transnational M&A, they should choose appropriate target based on their own development strategies, based on internationalization of the brand or access to the international market. At the same time, they should consider to retain the product brand and highlight the corporate brand, and accurately control the degree of integration and speed of integration.

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The Factors Affecting and the Solution to Improve the Ability of Attracting and Retaining Science and Technology Talents——And the Interaction Between the Ability of Attracting and Retaining Science and Technology Talents and Real Estate Price

ZHANG Xi-xi and SUN Miao-chun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 146-153. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.018

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To attract and retain science and technology talents is particularly important to the economy development for an area. There are many factors affecting the ability of attracting and retaining science and technology talents. It can be found out which are more closely influential factors by the Grey Correlative Analysis Method. The results show that more attention would be focused on the humanistic and natural environment in the selection of some area to settle down, which is different from traditional views that the economic development plays a crucial role. In addition, the real estate price and the investment of educational and scientific research funds are the factors that deserve attention. Meanwhile, we explored the interaction between the ability of attracting and retaining science and technology talents and real estate price taking Beijing, Tianjin and Xi'an as samples. According to the results, we put forward some measures to effectively improve the ability of attracting and retaining science and technology talents for different regions.

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Research on Household Waste Classification and Charge System in Shanghai: Based on the Perspective of Supply and Demand

LV Jun,ZHANG Ying

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 154-159. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.019

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The household waste in Shanghai has increased dramatically in recent years, which greatly outran the capacity of disposal and has seriously polluted environment, so it is necessary to make efforts to reduce the generation of household wastes. Therefore, social production sectors are classified into four categories and the equilibrium model of supply and demand is developed. Through applying the 2012 data of Shanghai into the equilibrium model, it can be concluded that the unit-based pricing system is more effective than the flat fee system in the city of Shanghai. Moreover, the charge system with waste classification is more effective. As a result, the unit-based pricing system and classification system of household waste should be implemented step by step in Shanghai and be supported by increasing government financial input.

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Municipal Unions and City Governance in Mid-Twentieth America:Sanitation Crisis in New York City as a Case

LI Wen-Shuo

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (2): 160-167. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.1016.02.020

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Municipal Unions is an important part of the American Labor organization. During the Mid-Twentieth Century, the scale of municipal unions expanded with its militancy arising. The strike of the Uniformed Sanitationmen’s Association of New York City which erupted in 1968 led to the exacerbation of sanitation problems since 1960s and disrupted urban life. It is noted that strikes of municipal unions frequently occurred during these years which hit cities greatly. Labor unions is an ingredient of capitalism: on the one hand, unions maintain labor interests while on the other hand, strikes disrupt daily life and spoil public order. In general, as an institutionalized power, unions work for the dynamic equilibrium of capitalism.

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TONG Shi-Jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph 2016, 48 (3): 1-1.

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