Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)

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The Synthetic Reality: Tacit Whole and Subsidiary Details: An Interpretation of Polanyi's Knowing and Being

ZHANG Yi-bing

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 1-9. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.001

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Tacit knowing is a kind of relational intuition, which leads us to tacitly understand the "synthetic reality" behind the appearance through the overall grasp of the relationship between details. The concept of "synthetic" here implies the synthetic judgment a priori discovered by Kant. In fact, it is an existentialist extension of Polanyi's endeavor to understand the mysterious power of Kant's a priori intellectual framework which can automatically shape experience and conceptual structure. His understanding of the relationship between the whole and details of the synthetic reality in tacit knowing has evolved from a one-way relationship of tacit integration to a complex function of two-way construction.

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A Relational Value: Value Awareness of “Inter-values”

HE Lai

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 10-18. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.002

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The exclusiveness and incompatibility of values and the consequent contradictions, disruptions and conflicts among them, that is, the issue of "inter-values", is one of the most deep-rooted and serious challenges and risks that we face in the reality and contemporary society. The conflicts and risks of values need to be regulated and resolved at the level of value. Therefore, we need a "relational value", a value that can harmonized different values, or, a high-level value that can coordinate different values. Mutual respect for freedom, mutual acknowledgement and social justice are the three important aspects that modern society seeks in a "relational value". They coordinate values from different angles and thus play a vital role in stabilizing and developing modern society.

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On the Three Meanings of “Chinese Ethics”: Also on the Construction of Contemporary Ethics with Chinese Characteristics

JIANG Chang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 19-29. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.003

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Since "Chinese ethics" may have three different meanings, it is necessary to figure out in which sense we are going to rewrite or construct contemporary Chinese ethics. What we are going to construct is neither ethics created in China, nor ethics merely suitable for China, but contemporary ethics with Chinese characteristics. Without constructing ethics with Chinese characteristics, we cannot construct ethics as a discipline, inherit or innovate the Chinese and Western academic traditions of ethics, or contribute Chinese moral doctrines and wisdom to the world. More importantly, ethics with Chinese characteristics has been there in Chinese history and made great contribution to the world with profound influence. In the construction of contemporary ethics with Chinese characteristics, we must inherit the excellent tradition of ethics, carry on excellent genes and develop reasonable elements in Chinese traditional ethics, extract and elevate the moral spirit of the time, maintain ethics as a discipline, and promote contemporary ethics with Chinese characteristics to the world.

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Stages of Centralized Ritual System and Their Features

TANG Qin-fu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 30-46. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.004

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The centralized ritual system has constituted an important period in the evolvement of Chinese traditional rituals. It is a national ritual system with centralized power in despotism as its political foundation, small-scale peasant economy as its economic foundation, Confucianism as its theoretical foundation, five rituals as its forms and upholding imperial power as its content. The centralized ritual system can be divided into four stages:the forming stage from the founding of the Qin Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the mature stage in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the declining stage in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the reign of Emperor Daoguang) and the transition stage from the reigns of Emperors Daoguang and Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty to the period of the Republic of China. The four stages manifest in apparently different ways and thus their features are distinctive. Along with the growing trend of the eastward spread of Western culture since the reigns of Emperors Daoguang and Xianfeng, modern industry started and developed at a rapid rate in China. The departure of Chinese traditional rituals from Western rituals and ideas forced Chinese traditional rituals to reform. However, due to various reasons, Chinese traditional ritual system has not accomplished its modern transition.

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The Imperial Courts in the Buddha Light: The Religious Aspects of the Political History in Medieval China

SUN Ying-gang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 47-57. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.005

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In medieval China, Buddhism brought in new cultural genes. The remaking of knowledge and belief system deeply influenced the medieval political thought and practice in China. In the Buddha light, the political history of medieval China had its complex aspects, which are of significance for us to understand the world of knowledge, religions and politics in medieval China. In addition to the interactions between particular political figures or groups between particular Buddhist monks, sects, or monasteries, Buddhism's role in political history rooted in its fundamental ideas about the secular world, including its anticipation for a good world in the future and an ideal secular ruler and its discourse of ruling legitimacy. Buddhism puts political order in a divine and harmonious frame of reference, extends the sacred order of the universe to human beings and thus bestows the rulers with some necessity, certainty and eternity. Therefore, it is necessary for us to understand the political history of medieval China by taking account of Buddhist materials and religious logics.

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From King Wu to Emperor: The Founding of the State of Wu in Jiangdong and the Forming of the Political System in the Six Dynasties

LIU Ya-jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 58-67. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.006

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The founding of the Kingdom Wu had historical significance to the founding of the Six Dynasties. The imperial power construction of the Kingdom Wu, interiorly restrained by the development of the region of Jiangdong (East of Yangtze River) and exteriorly influenced by the relationship between the Kingdoms of Wei and Shu, experienced two stages:SUN Quan's crowning himself as King Wu and then as the Emperor. At the end of the Han Dynasty, SUN Quan sought to construct imperial power through the royal order of the State of Wei reigned by CAO Family when he was not supported to claim King in the region of Jiangdong. After the fourth year of Huangwu (225 C. E.), the relationship between SUN Quan and major clans in Jiangdong became smooth, together with loosened exterior stress, and hence SUN was able to claim Emperor and establish the capital in Jianye (today's Nanjing) in the first year of Huanglong. After his claim of Emperor, SUN expanded his imperial power by suppressing the bureaucracy. His assignment of Prince SUN Deng to guard Wuchang City was actually an action of suppressing[JP2]bureaucratic officials such as LU Xun who had real power. However, the division of imperial power led to the result that Prince became another imperial authority besides the Emperor, which shook the foundation for the imperial power to continue.

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From “Poetic Education” to “Aesthetic Education as Religion”: The Transformation of Modern Chinese Literary Education Thought

YIN Guo-ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 68-80. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.007

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The history of Chinese thought and literature in the 20 ^th century witnessed the introduction, formation and construction of aesthetics, which was not only an important catalyst to China's social and cultural changes, but also an important symbol of the transformation of Chinese literary theories and criticism. It not only aroused continually theoretical storms related to Chinese culture in the intellectual circle, but also stimulated and pushed forward Chinese thought and spirit of art to rejuvenate and restore. In this process, CAI Yuan-pei's idea of "aesthetic education as religious" had a great influence, for it not only involved Chinese and western cultural integration and collision with a cross-cultural perspective, but inherited the poetry teaching tradition of Chinese culture, which hasn't been deeply examined. This is why CAI's idea was of great influence on the transformation and innovation of Chinese aesthetics in the 20 ^th century.

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Appreciating and Writing: A Textual Analysis of Painting Inscriptions in the Song Dynasty

FANG Xiao-yi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 81-88. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.008

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The writing of painting inscriptions is closely related to the action of appreciating. The process of the appreciating directly determines the writing order as well as the organization and combination of the elements in inscription writing. Organizing words for an inscription is both linear and instantaneous. At the moment of watching a painting, the viewer has made a "choice" among everything in a painting, and the author of an inscription uses the text to make a second choice among the results of appreciating and present this second "choice". In the Song Dynasty, an inscription of a character painting was mainly focused on the realistic degree of the characters, while an inscription of a landscape painting was more focused on the overall momentum and pattern of the painting. Sometimes an author ignored his perceptions and created the inscription from three other aspects. Sometimes the image of the viewer is also directly presented in the inscription, in which sense the inscription has shaped the relationship between the viewer and the painting.

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On the Contemporary Scholars' Confusion about the Scope Definition of the Legends in the Tang Dynasty

WANG Qing-hua

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 89-96. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.009

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In order to define the stylistic rules of legends in the Tang Dynasty, scholars always take factors like the works' length, plot structures, depictive writing and imaginational[JP2]content into consideration. It seems ambiguous if scholars take these factors as the standards to determine specific works. In terms of the scope definition of single-piece legends in the Tang Dynasty, there is conceptual confusion among a "novel" and an essay of "biography", a historical "biography" and a piece of "miscellaneous historical story". When selecting legends from novel collections in the Tang Dynasty, scholars are confused about how to distinguish the style of legends from that of notes and they also hold different opinions on texts' selecting as well as on the strictness of the standard. The case of contemporary scholars' scope definition of the legends in the Tang Dynasty is of significance for the study of ancient novels and even the study of ancient literature in general.

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On the Regulation of Malicious Litigation: Focusing on the Law of Tort

LIU Ying-shuang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 97-106. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.010

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Malicious litigation is a kind of typical tort, which can be classified as false litigation, malicious litigation based on the abuse of rights and unwarranted prosecution. At present, the principle of good faith in civil procedure law, the sanction system of false lawsuit court and the crime of false lawsuit in criminal law all regulate malicious lawsuit. However, without the regulation of civil liability, it is impossible to fundamentally curb and punish malicious litigation. Our country should in the legislation think malicious litigation as a kind of special infringement behavior. The malicious litigation tort's fault is direct intentional and its damage including expected benefits losses. The damage to the malicious lawsuit tort should include the expected benefits. The punitive damages should be applied to the malicious litigation tort.

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Jurisprudential Analysis of Judicial Policy on Strict Protection of Intellectual Property Rights: A Four-Dimensional Perspective of Boundary, Intensity, Means and Effect

WANG Guo-zhu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 107-116. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.011

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The judicial policy of "strict protection" of intellectual property rights has rich connotation and clear goal-directed action, which is consistent with judicial justice. The judicial policy of "strict protection" can be interpreted from four dimensions:boundary, intensity, means and effect. The determination of the boundary of rights protection is the starting point of strict protection. In determining the boundary of rights protection, we should strictly observe the legal boundary, adopt the interpretation method under the guidance of "balance theory" and delimit the right boundary in resolving the conflict of rights. We should recognize the strength of intellectual property protection rationally and objectively, adhere to the "rigid foundation" of protection intensity, grasp the "moderate" of the protection intensity by "strict" scale, stick to the priority of compensation amount established by the legislation, and apply the judicial policy of "strict protection" in the "legal compensation". To realize strict protection of intellectual property, we need strengthen rule thinking, law interpretation and reasoning, and the credibility in litigation. The effect of strict protection of intellectual property rights is embodied in precise protection, proportionate coordination and uniform standards of judgment.

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Microcosmic Factors Affecting the Social Integration of Floating Population and Their Changes: Based on Comparisons between 2010 and 2017

WANG Yi-jie, ZHAO Xiao-min

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 117-126. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.012

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With the development of new urbanization, the policy environment of floating population has been greatly improved, and their social integration status is almost the same. This paper regards the floating population as a dynamic agent in the differential pattern. Using the dynamic monitoring data of the floating population in 2010 and 2017, it examines the impact of individual ability and social network on social integration and its effect changes. The results show that since 2010, the impact of education years and income on social integration is not obvious, but the impact of employment status on social integration is increasing. Compared with 2010, family mobility based on blood ties in social networks has a significant impact on social integration and its effect is increasing; as a special geographic link, the relationship between fellow townsmen has a positive impact on social integration, but the effect is unchanged; and the impact of other local relationship networks on social integration is no longer significant. In addition, household registration, social exclusion and urban size are still important factors affecting the social integration of floating population. Therefore, while paying attention to the individual development of the floating population, we can help them realize family reunion and promote the formation of the relationship network between the inflow areas, so as to better realize social integration.

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Beyond the State and Society: The Dilemma of and the Solution to Social Governance in Urban Agglomeration Areas of “Two New” Organizations: A Case Study of Lujiazui Financial Area, Shanghai

LU Fang-ping, DU Yu-hua

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 127-136. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.013

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The social governance in urban agglomeration areas of "Two New" Organizations has fallen into the public participation dilemma due to individualization, the organizational participation dilemma due to heterogeneity and the institutional transformation dilemma due to technology. Taking the innovative social governance of Lujiazui Financial Area, Shanghai, as an example, this paper analyzes the unique mechanism of social governance led by the Communist Party of China besides the state-society dichotomy from the aspects of governance mode, governance method and governance field, and then examines the public value and realization path behind this unique mechanism.

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Clubs: Social Space for Transnational Elites in Modern Shanghai

DING Yan-nan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 137-145. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.014

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After Shanghai's opening to outside world, Westerners introduced clubs as a novel mode of social contact and social institution. In spite of its exclusive and restrictive features, a club has catalyzed active and various social activities in addition to entertainment. As a product of the colonial period, this social mode has attracted foreign residents and local Chinese elites in modern Shanghai. This helped to reform traditional Chinese modes of social contact and played a vital role in China's social urbanization and modernization. Up to now, very few studies have focused on institutions for social contact. This paper reveals the amazing history of clubs in modern Shanghai and discusses the impact of this social mode by taking their "semi-colony" feature into account. The study on clubs in modern Shanghai will also shed light on the social life of contemporary transnational elites in this global age.

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Is Supply-side Structural Reform in Agriculture Conducive to Inclusive Growth?

SONG Dong-lin, GAO Xing-yang, FAN Xin

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 146-161. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.015

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In today's wave of worldwide economic cooperation and exchange, the new development model of inclusiveness and universal benefit has become a consensus. In theory, as the main line of agricultural modernization, supply-side structural reform in agriculture will exert its income-increasing effect and distribution effect to promote economic inclusive growth. This paper uses Chinese provincial panel data from 2001 to 2017 to study the relationship between supply-side structural reform in agriculture and inclusive growth by constructing a Spatial Durbin Model, which is built under a spatial weight matrix of agricultural product market integration. The results show that supply-side structural reform in agriculture can promote inclusive growth, and has a significant negative spatial spillover effect. From the perspective of spatiotemporal difference, the effect of supply-side structural reform on inclusive growth has obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity. From the perspective of conduction pathway, the mode of supply-side structural reform's effect on inclusive growth has a periodical characteristic, and it is relatively consistent across regions. These findings may provide guidance for China's agricultural development direction and the path of inclusive growth in order to achieve sustainable and healthy economic development.

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Spatial Misallocation of Innovation Factors and Efficiency Loss: Model Analysis and China's Evidence

DONG Zhi-qing, HU Sheng-ming

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 162-178. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.016

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Current study has focused on the loss of total factor productivity caused by the misallocation of production factors, but generally ignores the misallocation of innovation factors such as R&D personnel and R&D capital, and the loss of innovation efficiency due to differences in the factor quality and input structure. This paper introduces the classification of factors into the framework of the spatial misallocation, and selects the provincial panel data to measure the misallocation and the loss of innovation efficiency. The results show that the spatial misallocation of innovation factors is serious and has severely obstructed the innovation efficiency in China. Mitigating the misallocation of innovation factors will promote an average annual increase of 0.7% in innovation efficiency. Furthermore, there exist significant differences in the misallocation and the resulting efficiency losses of various innovation factors. The misallocation of R&D capital leads to greater efficiency losses. Compared with basic research and applied research, the R&D capital of experimental development is more deeply misallocated and has a greater impact on innovation efficiency. Meanwhile, low-and medium-skilled labor is more likely to be misallocated. Therefore, in order to improve the innovation efficiency in China, the government should take regional differences and element types as important considerations for the rational allocation of innovation resources.

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Reconstructing China's Credit Default Risk Prediction Model: Based on the Perspective of Industry Sensitivity

LAN Fa-qin, YAN Qun, XIE Dong-hui

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 179-186. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.017

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In recent years, China's credit default risk incidents have erupted, with 124 bonds defaulted in 2018 alone. Therefore, it is significant for the market development to examine the characteristics of China's credit default and select appropriate index system to scientifically predict credit default risk. Using the whole sample credit data in China's bond market by the end of September 2018 and taking the perspective of industry sensitivity, this paper reconstructs a credit default risk prediction model, which can simulate and deduce the whole market credit default risk. It also finds out the features of China's credit default risk:first, the default risk of enterprises in finance and real-estate industries is sharply increasing; second, the spatial layout of default risk presents southwards; third, local enterprises are bond issue bodies at greater risks.

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Strategies and Values for China's Doing Business Report: Based on French Experience

LI Ying-yi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 187-195. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.01.018

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The World Bank Group has issued Doing Business Report every year since 2002, in which it estimates and ranks main Economies of the world in using more than 100 indicators. In response to the report, France has not only carried out economic reforms for benchmarking against these indicators, but also developed its own doing business report, namely, Tableau de Bord de l'Attractivité de la France. Different from the reference scope, data source, indicators and methodologies used in the World Bank report, French report highlights the values such as social efficiency and green development. This evaluation model can serve as a good example for China in the sense that it follows the existing system but rejects to copy everything from it, paying equal attention to the benefits of business operators and that of commercial environment. At present, it is urgent for China to establish its own doing business evaluation system. The French experience shows that paying equal attention to both "pushing forward the ranking after reaching the benchmark of the World Bank" and "independent research and development in accordance with the national situation" is undoubtedly the most appropriate approach today. What we need to pay special attention is although the indicators of the World Bank lay emphasis on the economic interests of business operators, China's business environment evaluation should pay attention to the values in Chinese society such as the social benefits of business locations, green development and comprehensive efficiency.

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Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (1): 196-200.

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On the Possibility of an Intellectual History

SANG Bing

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 1-12. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.001

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There is an inherent dilemma in the intellectual historiography, that is, to follow the intellectual logic or the historical connection. Generally speaking, it is characterized by intellectual blurriness in China due to the shortage of metaphysical and abstract way of thinking. A remark made by a thinker normally contains its specific signifier and signified, which varies from person to person, from place to place and from time to time. New foreign knowledge has poured into China since the modern times. However, very few doctrines have been developed systematically. It is a problem for the intellectual historiography to reconcile new foreign concepts and theories with old Chinese concepts and material. The intellectual historiography shall explain the disorder and fragmental condition of the intellectual history or construct a new order and system. If it is compiled according to the similarity of texts while ignoring the original space-time connections of ideas, an intellectual history may be inconsistent with the ideas of every thinker and it is nothing but a history in the author's mind. However, an intellectual history will be so scattered to blur the origin and evolution of thought if it pays too much attention to the complexity of history. It needs our efforts to balance history and logic to achieve an ideal intellectual historiography.

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On the Intellectual Approach and Development in FENG Qi's Research of the History of Chinese Philosophy

LI Wei-wu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 13-25. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.002

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The 1980s witnessed the transformation of the research paradigm of the history of Chinese philosophy. During this period, FENG Qi and LI Ze-hou created two representative cases based on their different understandings of Marxism. While LI Ze-hou advocated "returning to historical materialism", FENG Qi constructed his "doctrine of wisdom". It is based on the "doctrine of wisdom" that FENG Qi's research of the history of philosophy has taken a unique intellectual approach and achieved its internal development. FENG first expounds the "logic development" of the history of ancient Chinese philosophy, then elaborates the "revolutionary process" of the history of modern Chinese philosophy, and finally extends to the history of intellectual trends in modern Chinese society.

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Continuously Cultivating One's Nature to Approach Freedom: On FENG Qi's Philosophical Writing of WANG Fu-zhi

LIU Liang-jian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 26-33. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.003

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By examining FENG Qi's philosophical writing of WNAG Fu-zhi, we can see the process of the interaction between FENG's research of the history of philosophy and his construction of a philosophical theory. While modifying the draft of The Logic Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy, FENG was writing The Dialects of Logic Thinking as well. There lies complex mutual interaction between these two works. FENG's creative interpretation of WANG Fu-zhi's doctrine of nature cultivation has gradually transformed from a historical object to an organic element of his own philosophy. Meanwhile, there is another kind of mutual interaction between history and philosophy in FENG, that is, philosophy as the unfolding of the history of philosophy. FENG becomes more and more self-aware in continuing the unfinished course of modern Chinese philosophy through his own philosophizing. In questioning on how to overcome dogmatism and how to achieve human freedom, he is also participating in the unfolding of the third "round" of Chinese philosophy(Xunzi-WANG Fu-zhi-sinicization of Marxism). As far as the tradition of ancient Chinese philosophy is concerned, the "doctrine of wisdom" represents a modern doctrine of qi to some extent, highlighting the monism of qi(vital energy) developed by Xunzi, ZHANG Zai and WANG Fu-zhi while absorbing some theoretical elements from the mind-heart school of LU Jiu-yuan and WANG Yang-ming. With its open mind, the "doctrine of wisdom" participates in the intellectual disputation of different schools in the world. Its perspective of the world philosophy remains as an important spiritual legacy for contemporary Chinese philosophers. To continuously cultivate our nature to approach freedom-this is still not accomplished.

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The Standard of Official Selection and Its New Trend in the Late Qing Dynasty

GUAN Xiao-hong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 34-47. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.004

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In the drastic social change in the late Qing Dynasty, the trend of official selection and appointment was closely related to the selection of talents, which experienced three stages that moved forward one by one. Since the reigns of Emperors Daoguang and Xianfeng, the imperial court of the Qing Dynasty had adopted the new standard of "being capable of handling affairs with steadfast and persistent quality" to appoint officials in order to adapt to the changing situations, which broke the long-lasting selecting rules of the Ministry of Official Personnel Affairs. However, the tight financial condition and the practice of favoritism of recommenders led to unfavorable consequences such as bribery, excessive appointment and then poor official management. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, in despair to save the nation from extinction, the court and the commonality doubted the validity of imperial examinations and believed that the Western learning was "useful". The imperial court confirmed this idea and adopted the criterion of Western disciplines. Reforming the official selecting system and adopting new policy, each ministry and province continually selected students graduated from new schools and those who had studied abroad. Capability of handling affairs, specialized knowledge and technologies became the main criterions for talent selection. The tradition of emphasizing candidates' virtues, their practice and understanding of the theories of the sages in the past since the Sui and Tang Dynasties was discarded. This overcorrection is featured by fickleness, seeking quick success and instant benefits, which has had inestimable impact on the style of study, officials' behaviors and public morals for more than one hundred years.

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Methods and Empirical Evidences: A Restudy of Land Allocation in Modern China

LIU Zhi

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 48-59. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.005

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The allocation of land right in modern times needs to be restudied with an improved research method. Three factors, namely, public land, one piece of land shared by two owners and households without land have great impact on the statistics of the allocation of land right, which have usually caused the overestimate of the intensity of land right allocation. Removing the impact of these factors, this paper modifies Gini Coefficient of land right allocation in some regions and finds that the overestimated intensity of land right allocation in southern regions such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong declines to a great extent. In terms of the intensity of land right allocation in modern China as a whole, there is no great difference between the north and the south, and the overall allocation is quite average in most areas.

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Humanistic Governance Based on Humanistic Education: Its Theory and Practice

LIU Jian-jun, DENG Li

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 60-73. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.006

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How to realize good governance of a society is an important issue discussed heatedly in the academic circle, and the governance theory which originated in the West has an important impact on governance practice in contemporary China. The mainstream governance theory can be divided into four styles which respectively emphasize power, institution, technology and relationship. However, after the World War Ⅱ, governance theory as well as its evolution is deeply dominated by Western "democratic" ideology. It ignores the construction of the value and norms of subjectivity, creates the tension between citizens' rights and obligations and finally produces internal risks and leads to governance failure. In view of this, this paper puts forward the concept of humanistic governance. Humanistic governance is a governance based on humanism and emphasizes the construction of the value and norms of subjectivity. It has rich intellectual sources in history. Ontologically, it upholds the moral nature of human beings and its possible construction. In content, it includes three dimensions, namely, values, personality traits and norms of behavior. Functionally, it belongs to source governance and long-term governance, having a positive externality effect in the sense of supporting and consolidating other governance practices. Moreover, the case of "the co-construction of humanistic quality" shows that the practice of humanistic governance can improve humanistic quality and achieve the goal of cultivating ideal citizens. Therefore, establishing a humanistic society through humanistic governance will be an important way to break through the limitations of Western governance theories and realize the ideal of good governance.

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The Polyphonic Narrative of Qualitative Research

MA Wei-na

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 74-83. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.007

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The complexity of education reform makes researchers realize that the self-awareness of the research method is necessary. However, the research method is essentially nothing but a kind of supplement to the way of living in the world. The special archival world in France in the 16 ^th century is not only a frozen silent world for the time being comprised of different individuals and groups, but also the living scene and social scenarios in another sense. The underlying narrative of the archival world "fictionalizes" the dynamic and vivid polyphonic world of static history between the way of splicing the world, the narrative technique and the narrative itself, as well as between the silence and sound. The educational reform in the "deep water region" is so complex that it is like both the deep vein of history penetrating into the marrow and the daily world that can be reached. It is like both the delicate underlying structure and the simple technic program that can be picked up at random. This intriguing depth of complexity brings not only a distinctive polyphonic flavor that is not the same as at the beginning of the reform, but the possibility of qualitative research on polyphonic narration which can be found in "other parts", "emotions in the parentheses" and "monologue clearing". The polyphonic world is the unfinished world and the contradictory world in the depth of human nature. Polyphonic narration is not only an "alternative" narrative pattern in qualitative research, but also a deep description of the world's complexity and tension.

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Methodological Construction of a Poetic Dialogue in the Age of Distant Reading

LIU Yun-hua

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 84-94. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.008

Abstract （233）

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Firstly put forward by Franco Moretti, an Italian American scholar, the concept of "distant reading" refers to interpreting and explaining the development and change of the internal factors of literature and the main reasons with the help of the external forces of literature revealed by a large number of data statistics in longue durée. In this paper, this concept is employed to refer to a reading way in the age of "post-print domination". In the age of distant reading, the powerful energy of "digital humanities" is bound to reshape the academic structure fundamentally. The academic community should construct a new reading ethics and methodology for this academic situation. Taking poetics as the object and drawing upon Paul Ricoeur, François Jullien and other thinkers, this paper attempts to construct "spiritual ‘face-to-face’" in the sense of working platform, so that we can overcome the inevitable "non-objectivity" accompanied by frame-style "poetic comparison" on the one hand, and provide space for the future creation of poetics on the other.

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“The Great American Novel” and the Construction-Reflection-Reconstruction of American National Identity

SUN Lu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 95-104. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.009

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Benedict Anderson once defined a modern nation-state as "the imagined community" and highlighted the significance of novel in the formation of collective imagination and the construction of national identity. In particular, those works with typical national features, representing collective memories thus resonating among readers actively, interact with the nation-state in the process of their mutual construction. In the case of the United States, "the Great American Novel" has played an important role in the construction-reflection-reconstruction of American national identity. Coined in 1868, the concept of "the Great American Novel" has been evaluated from different aesthetical perspectives, including realism, romance, and multicultural revision, exemplifying the constant efforts of literary critics to demonstrate the Americanness of American literature. With respect to its theme and content, "the Great American Novel" has paid special attention to "the American Dream", in particular in terms of its disillusionment, contributing a distinctive self-retrospection on American national identity. At the turn of the 21 ^st century, "the Great American Novel" undergoes a "post-ethnic" and "neo-realist" turn, which spares no efforts to reconstruct American national identity when "the American century" draws to a close.

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“How to Train Writers”: On a Creative Writing Workshop as a Teaching Method

XU Dao-jun

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 105-112. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.010

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As a teaching method, a creative writing workshop is comprised of teachers, students, teaching assistants and external experts, etc. Its teaching content mainly consists of explaining writing knowledge and techniques, discussing students' works and individuals' writing practice. Its teaching objectives are to acquire writing knowledge, improve creativity and writing ability and accomplish literary works. All of these three aspects are essential for a creative writing workshop. From organizing a workshop, stirring up the activeness of participants, observing the disciplines of the workshop, to accomplishing teaching tasks and realizing teaching objectives-the whole link and multi-dimension collaboration and interaction of these factors form the operation mechanism of a workshop. The workshop teaching method puts forward strict requirements for the expertise and scientificity of writing teaching. However, less effective reflection on or improvement of this teaching method, caused by the tradition of creative writing discipline that underscores practice while neglects theory, has existed for a long time. Its many practical problems have also resulted in its negative effect and reputation. In order to optimize the teaching method of a creative writing workshop, we ought to first of all examine the content factors and operation mechanism of a creative writing workshop and reflect on its existing problems and their causes.

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KANG You-wei and LIANG Qi-chao's Understanding of Parliament during the Reform Movement of 1898

MAO Hai-jian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 113-126. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.011

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KANG You-wei and LIANG Qi-chao's understanding of parliament during the Reform Movement of 1898 was essentially different from the modern Western doctrine of parliament. The resource of their idea of parliament was Chinese Confucian classics and Chinese history. This shows that KANG and LIANG did not have a full understanding of the modern Western system of parliament, so that they compared it with Chinese classics in a random way due to their misunderstandings. Even if it is reasonable to claim that "the Reform Movement of 1898 learned from Western system and thought", we must say what had been learn is merely the appearance since KANG and LIANG did not master the essence of Western political system and thought.

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The Social Customs in the View of Western Missionaries in Modern China: A Case Study of Henri Doré's Series of Researches into Chinese Superstitions

GAO You-peng

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 127-137. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.012

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Missionaries undoubtedly made great contributions to cultural and intellectual exchange and development in modern China. In order to introduce Christianity to Chinese people more effectively based on the similarities between Western and Chinese cultures, some Western missionaries focused on the investigation and understanding of social customs and folk literature in China. Among them, Henri Doré was a representative who attempted to understand, study and record the social life and customs in China. When he came to China in 1884, Henri Doré started to investigate the social life and customs as well as folk literature in Shanghai, Jiangsu and An'hui, etc. and finally complied a series of Researches into Chinese Superstitions in a great number of volumes. In effect, Western missionaries' investigating and understanding from the perspective of the other has formed a special type of modern Chinese social ethnography, which contains not only concrete records but also a unique style of culture theory with Western missionaries' particular understanding from the other's angle.

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On the Special Collection of Paper Gods at Columbia University from the Perspective of the “Standard for Shrine Preservation or Demolition” in the Republic of China: Also on New Year Pictures as Historical Material

LI Ming-jie

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 138-146. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.013

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Folk images can be interpreted as "historical material" with the mutual illustration of pictures and history. This may provide folk pictorial evidences for explaining the historical logic of political and cultural revolutions, and the development of production and life. The special collection of Chinese paper gods at Columbia University has not yet been introduced in the Chinese academia. Regarding the "Standard for Shrine Preservation or Demolition" issued by the government of the Republic of China as the cultural background to interpret this collection, this paper makes an overall examination of this cherished collection and takes folk pictures as evidences to trace back the tension and balance between national will and folk faith in the historical transition period of China in the early 20 ^th century.

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The Role of “ Paihua” and “ Foniang” in the Non-governmental Inheritance of the Tongli's Speaking-singing Art of Xuanjuan

HUANG Ya-xin, CHEN Qin-jian

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 147-160. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.014

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As national intangible cultural heritage, "Tongli Xuanjuan" is a traditional fork speaking-singing art with local music features. Selected as "intangible cultural heritage", "Tongli Xuanjuan" has gained a legal room for survival and new vitality for development. However, the inheritance of this folk art needs not only governmental support, but also non-governmental assistance. As a form of local folk art, "Tongli Xuanjuan" has its own non-governmental way of inheritance. As important non-governmental elements of inheritance, " Paihua", which is similar to a broker, and " Foniang", which literally means a "Buddhist Lady", have played a significant role in the inheritance of "Tongli Xuanjuan" in both traditional and modern societies. Therefore, it is important to consider how to bring the non-governmental factors into full play in a government dominating framework from the perspective of the "intangible cultural heritage".

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On the Problems and Countermeasures of Stock Industrial Land Redevelopment in China's Large Cities: A Case Study of Shanghai

ZHANG Chuan-yong, WANG Feng-long, DU Yu-hu

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 161-170. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.015

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With the deepening of urbanization and transformation and upgrading of industries, China's large cities such as Shanghai are facing the dual pressure of sustained and rapid growth of urban population and shrinking land resources. It is necessary to expedite the exploration of land-use methods that are compatible with society and economy, increase the efficiency of industrial land use, and provide sufficient space for high-quality urban development in China's large cities. Taking Shanghai as an example, this paper shows that the secondary development of industrial land in Shanghai has undergone three stages in the past 30 years, with the emphasis shifting from the renewal of state-owned industrial land in the central urban area, industrial structure adjustment and land-use upgrading in industrial parks, to the revitalization of stock land and secondary development. Currently, different models have been adopted for the secondary development of waste industrial land in urban centers, inefficient land in industrial parks, and scattered industrial land in suburban towns and villages. The secondary development of industrial land in Shanghai still has some problems, such as "chaotic" objects of secondary development, "high" land acquisition and storage costs and "weak" supporting service functions. The main reasons are the lack of a unified secondary development institution, imperfect relevant policies and laws, unclear benefit-sharing mechanism, and the disruption of supporting services. In this connection, the secondary development of stock industrial land in Shanghai should (1) adopt comprehensive planning and implement various trials on the premise of following some basic principles; (2) construct a multi-subject cooperation framework that takes into account the interests of all parties; (3) improve the land transfer system and eliminate development bottlenecks; and (4) improve incentives and incorporate countermeasures such as employee assessment mechanisms.

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On the Transformation Path of China's Real Estate Enterprises: Based on a Logistic Regression Analysis

ZHANG Hong-ming, JI Yan

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 171-180. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.016

Abstract （351）

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The transformation of real estate enterprises is an urgent task that the development of China's real estate industry faces in the New Normal. Outlining the basic paths of the transformation based on theoretical analysis and empirical observation, combining the survey data of 75 real estate companies in the country and using logistic regression model to empirically test the transformation path of real estate companies, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of real estate company transformation. The results show:(1) The basic paths of real estate enterprise transformation can be divided into 4 categories, namely, the product market path, the industrial chain path, the cross-industry path, and the management system optimization path; (2) Among real estate enterprises, small and medium-sized ones tend to choose the product market path and the industrial chain path, while large-sized ones are more inclined to implement diversified development by the cross-industry chain paths, and management system optimization is the common path basic for the transformation of various real estate companies; (3) The transformation is affected by a variety of factors such as enterprise size, industry extension, sale direction, and brand influence, and there are also differences in the factors that affect the path chosen by different types of real estate companies. From the above, real estate companies should adjust their development concepts and business strategies in a timely manner to find new development methods and paths suitable for their own conditions.

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Influencing Factors and Regional Heterogeneity of the Price Premium of High-Star Grade Green Residential Buildings in China: An Empirical Research Based on the Hedonic Model

YANG Mu-wang, HOU Pan-long, YE Yu-chen

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 181-192. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.02.017

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In recent years, China's green buildings have been developing in an all-round way, and the green price premium has attracted widespread attention. Taking the new perspective of the price premium of second-hand high-grade green residential buildings(two-star grade and three-star grade), using the Hedonic method and the theory of regional heterogeneity, and collecting 737 sets of data from Q3 quarter of 2015 to Q4 quarter of 2017 in 10 consecutive quarters of 8 leading cities in China, this paper examines the influence of location, green grade, project quality, building age, time fluctuation and macro factors on price premium ability. The results show that the price premium is significant; it increases with higher star grade, better community quality, the rising of average sale price, the more inflow of population, and the rising of the per capita GDP; and it decreases with more remote project location, higher building age, the rising of land price, and more supply area for sales. Further research finds that the impact of green star grade, project quality and housing age on green price premium has regional heterogeneity. "Overheating" exists in some cities. Therefore, the departments should carry out precise policy guidance and market supervision with the principle of "One city, One policy".

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Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (2): 193-197.

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A Panorama of the Study of Chinese Grammar in the West in the Past Three Hundred Years

LI Bao-jia

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (3): 1-24. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.03.001

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This thesis describes the trajectories of modern Western scholars' study of Chinese language by examining more than 60 works of Chinese grammar in the West. Generally speaking, in the 17 ^th century, Dominican School studied Chinese grammar based on a "Latine vision", making a comparative study of Chinese and Latin grammars; in the 18 ^th century, Romance School studied Chinese grammar based on "Western grammar frame+Chinese function words and semantic syntax", combining Chinese and Western methods; and in the 19 ^th century, Germanic School studied Chinese grammar from a "perspective of linguistic typology", with theoretical and methodological innovation. A panorama of the study of Chinese grammar in the West in the past three hundred years can help to further explore the history of cultural exchanges in the world, the history of linguistics in the world, the history of Chinese studies in the West, and international education of Chinese language.

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The Goals and Achievements of the Creation of Minority Characters in New China: A Case Study of Monguor Characters

DU Min, LIU Zhi-gang

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (3): 25-34. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.03.002

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Initially, the creation of minority characters aimed to change the backward cultural state of minority ethnic groups to fit socialist construction and development as soon as possible, improve the educational level and the cultural quality of minority ethnic groups and accelerate the development and inheritance of minority languages and cultures. The creation of Monguor characters in 1979 fully guaranteed the freedom of the Monguor people to use and develop their own native language and characters, which showed the responsibility of the Monguor intellectuals for the development of their native language and culture. To some extent, it also promoted the development of the Monguor language and culture. According to the investigation of the actual situation of the application, trial use of the new Monguor characters has ceased since 2001. The original goals were not realized effectively. Judging from the perspective of the development laws and social functions of a written language, Monguor characters lack the mass base and fail to effectively expand or make up for the communicative functions of the oral Monguor language. The role of Monguor writing in literacy education is limited.

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Confucian Political Philosophy: The State of the Field

HUANG Yong

Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2020, 52 (3): 35-46. DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.03.003

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In recent Confucian studies in the English-speaking world, Confucian political philosophy, which has long been regarded a weak spot in the Confucian tradition, has become the most prominent area of interest. There are two unique features of this interest in Confucian political philosophy. On the one hand, instead of being exclusively focused on interpretations of relevant Confucian classics, it aims to bring the ancient Confucian tradition to bear on the social and political issues we are facing today. On the other hand, it is carried out in living dialogues with prominent Western political philosophers, which makes it possible for Confucianism to make its unique contributions to contemporary political philosophy. This trend in the interest of Confucian political philosophy has produced high quality works in, among others,(1) virtue politics,(2) state perfectionism,(3) distributive justice, and(4) Confucian democracy, each of which includes a number of creative positions.

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