华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2011, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 1-10.

• 论文 •    下一篇

观念史何为?

高瑞泉   

  1. 华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所、哲学系; 上海 200062
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2011-03-30 发布日期:2011-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 高瑞泉

What Is the History of Ideas?

GAO Rui-quan   

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2011-03-30 Published:2011-03-30
  • Contact: GAO Rui-quan

摘要: 以研究我们精神变迁中某些核心观念的生成与发展为目标的观念史,是人类认识自己的努力的一部分。通过厘清“观念”一词在汉语著述界的用法,可以给观念史划出新的知识领域,因而拓宽了哲学史研究的范围。它以追求真观念为己任,包括观念内容的真理性、观念者的实际信念与观念所蕴涵的态度的一致,以及观念推动社会行动的真实活力。观念史不仅研究思想的结构,而且研究思想的过程;不仅分析人们应该如何思考,而且关注人们事实上如何思考。处理这一“思”与“史”的关系,从纵向的角度说是解决观念的发生学和社会植根性问题;从横向的角度说则要回答特定观念在同时代观念谱系中的位置,以及观念史与其他学术研究形态之间的联系。它在中国近代观念嬗变的历史中呈现为“异端翻为正统”、“边缘进入中心”和“新知附益旧学”等三种方式。这说明,即使以单一的观念为对象,观念史也不能只叙述“观念单位”的编年史;批判的观念史关注来自文明史的多种因素,而谱系学方法和逻辑分析同样重要。

关键词: 观念, 观念史, 真观念, 谱系

Abstract: The history of ideas, aiming at studying some key ideas’ generation and development in human spiritual changes, is a part of human beings’ efforts to know themselves. Its task is to seek for true ideas, including truth of the idea content, consistency between the idea user’s actual belief and attitude implied in the idea, and real vitality of the idea pushing social actions forward. The history of ideas deals with not only the structure of thought but also its process, and focuses on not only the issue of how people should think but also how to think in reality. How to deal with the relation of “thought” to “history” is concerned with vertically how to solve the issue of the idea’s genesis and social rootedness, and horizontally how to find out the location of a certain idea in its contemporary idea family tree and the connection between the idea history and other academic studies. The history of ideas is never a chronological history which merely narrates “idea units”. The critical history of ideas pays close attention to various elements coming from the history of civilization, and the method of pedigree is equally important like logical analysis.

Key words: idea, history of ideas, true idea, pedigree