通过对包山楚司法简的案件文书分析，我们可以发现早在战国时期楚国即有类似后世“直诉”的诉讼程序制度实践，而且当时楚国的“直诉”程序已经较为成熟并应达到制度化的层面，楚国的“直诉”制度也可能正是同时期成书的《周礼》关于“路鼓肺石”类直诉制度的实践渊源。由此可见，直诉制度的成型应在战国时期，我们对汉唐时期直诉制度方才成型的传统观点，有必要进行再检讨。

By analyzing the case documents of judicial bamboo slips from Baoshan Chu Tomb, this paper finds that in the Warring States Period, there were practices of judicial proceedings similar to the “direct appealing system” in the State of Chu, which were well developed and reached a systematic level. The “direct appealing” system in the State of Chu might be the practical origin of the system of “striking the stone or drum to tell grievance” in the Rites of Zhou, a book compiled in the same period. Therefore, the direct appealing system took shape in the Warring States Period. So we have to rectify and re-examine the conventional idea that the direct appealing system didn’t form until the Han and Tang Dynasties.