福柯的《词与物》通常被认为结构主义著作,即它深刻否定了笛卡尔以来“我思”在认知活动中的主体地位。通过考察和比较文艺复兴时期和古典时期“我思”在语词与事物既相共又相异的共在张力中所扮演的不同角色,表明福柯对“我思”的批判并不是要对人类认知主体进行否定,而是要揭示古典时期在“我思”层面所构造的表征与事物相混合的经验空间以及这一空间对世界以及人本身的迷失。以古典时期“我思”为基础所构造的“确定的”或者理性的经验空间所反映的,既不是人所主宰的世界也不是世界本身的多样性,而是一个语言的乌托邦,是对物的相共性的一种继承和迷失。而要走出这一迷局,必须实行一种“我行”式的“我思”。
Foucault's The ordre of things is usually considered as a structuralism work, because it profoundly denied the dominant fundament of cogito Cartesian. Through the investigation and the comparison of two periods of the Renaissance and the classic, considering the different roles of cogito in the tension between words and things, the critique foucauldian does not aim to deny the cognitive subject, but to reveal the space of experience constituted in the level of cogito, which is mixed with the representation and the thing. This space loses not only the variety of the world but also the complicity of man. In the classical period, it reflects neither man nor world, but a utopian of language, it’s an inheritance and lost of the resemblance. And to get out of this disposition, we must carry out a kind of "askêsis" style of "cogito".