现代中国新增的语言或方言也都是因语言接触造成的混合方言,不再出现因人口迁移和语言分化造成的新语言或方言?混合型方言是由两种以上方言混合而成的,它是音系稳定的内部同质的新方言,它已经成为当地居民的母语,其最主要特点是音系简化?混合语有以下几种类型:边界型?移民型?克里奥尔型和柯内因型?

In modern China, all the new languages are hybrid languages which emerge due to language contact rather than population migration or the division of existing languages. A hybrid dialect is a new dialect with stable phonology after mixing up two or more dialects. It has been used as mother tongue by local residents with simplification of phonology as its most prominent feature. There are four types of hybrid dialects: boundary, migration, Creole and Koine dialects.