近年来上海市生活垃圾产出量剧增，使得处理能力供不应求，环境污染严重，亟需使之减量化。有鉴于此，通过将社会生产部门分为四类并构建供求均衡模型，采用2012年的相关数据比较分析后发现，上海市实行生活垃圾处理计量收费制比等额收费制对生活垃圾能产生更有效的减量化效果，而在分类基础上推行生活垃圾收费制度可以加强减量化效果。因此，上海市应当逐步推行生活垃圾处理计量收费制，在生活垃圾分类基础上征收处理费，同时，通过增加政府财政投入来支持生活垃圾收费制度的实施。

The household waste in Shanghai has increased dramatically in recent years, which greatly outran the capacity of disposal and has seriously polluted environment, so it is necessary to make efforts to reduce the generation of household wastes. Therefore, social production sectors are classified into four categories and the equilibrium model of supply and demand is developed. Through applying the 2012 data of Shanghai into the equilibrium model, it can be concluded that the unit-based pricing system is more effective than the flat fee system in the city of Shanghai. Moreover, the charge system with waste classification is more effective. As a result, the unit-based pricing system and classification system of household waste should be implemented step by step in Shanghai and be supported by increasing government financial input.