公共服务设施的优化配置是提升城市宜居性和可持续发展水平的重要途径，其中教育资源在总量和空间上能否实现供需匹配，直接关系到居民的生活质量和城市交通的运行效率。以合肥市基础教育设施为例，对城际人口流动引发的设施需求总量变化以及设施需求的空间差异性特征进行实证分析，并对不同区域基础教育设施的新增供给规模进行定量测算后发现，合肥市现有教育资源较为紧张，设施供给难以满足快速增长的实际需求；同时，各城区中小学教育设施需求和供需缺口均存在较大的空间差异，即新城区的教育设施供需缺口较大，而老城区则相对较小。有鉴于此，且参考国内外教育设施建设的典型经验，结合城市土地利用和设施供给现状，有关方面在设施配置中应保留足够“弹性”以应对可能的需求冲击，结合基础教育的需求分布进行空间差异化的设施供给，通过城市规划与管理政策实现优质教育资源的空间均衡配置，促进教育设施与其他设施的功能整合与共享，从而实现城市基础教育设施的优化配置。

While the optimal allocation of public service facilities can enhance the livability and sustainable development of an urban area, the supply-demand matching of education resources in terms of amount and space directly affect the quality of life and transportation efficiency. Taking the primary education scheme of Hefei as an example, this paper empirically studies potential total demand and spatial heterogeneity of its primary education facilities from the inter-city population flows, as well as the calculation on the additional supply across different districts. It shows a shortage of education resources in Hefei, and the situation in new districts is more severe than that in old districts. Referring to the typical cases at home and abroad, and examining the current condition of urban land use and facility supply of Hefei, this paper suggests to realize the optimal allocation of primary education resources by retaining the sufficiency of facility allocation in response to potential demand fluctuations, differentiating facility supply according to the diversified demands, balancing the allocation of high-quality education resources based on city plan and policies, and promoting the integration and sharing of educational and other facilities.