宋元易代是中国历史上的大变动，游牧民族第一次在全中国范围内取得统治地位，中国文化史上也第一次出现大规模的遗民社群。文章通过域外汉籍资料，还原了南宋遗民蔡正孙在南宋灭亡后的诗学活动，展开了一幕南宋"小人物"的"大历史"。蔡正孙是福建建安人，早年在杭州生活十余年，南宋灭亡后回到故乡。他在故乡与南方遗民声气相应，组织遗民诗社，编选了《诗林广记》《唐宋千家联珠诗格》《精刊补注东坡和陶诗话》三部诗学著作。他推崇陶渊明，入元后不用元朝年号，将自己置于宋人之中，坚持自己的文化认同。

The Song-Yuan transition constituted a great turbulence in Chinese history, in which nomadic people gained the rulership of the whole of China for the first time on the one hand and a large community of loyalists to the subjugated reign appeared for the first time in China's history on the other. Studying oversea Chinese texts, this paper reveals the "great history" of a "nobody" in restoring a Southern Song Dynasty loyalist CAI Zheng-sun's poetic activities after the Southern Song Dynasty was subjugated. Born in Jian'an, Fujian, CAI lived over ten years in Hangzhou in his youth and returned to his hometown after the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty. Being congenial to the loyalists to the Southern Song Dynasty in the south, CAI organized a poetry club with loyalists and compiled three poetic works: Numerous Records of the Poetic Circle, On the Rules of Lianzhu Poetry from Thousands of Poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties, The Elaborate Edition and Supplement Annotation on SU Shi's Poems Echoing TAO Yuan-ming. CAI admired TAO Yuan-ming, refused to use the title of Yuan emperor's reign, regarded himself as a man of Song and insisted on his cultural identity.