重读上海文艺出版社1959年4月出版的《"论‘文学是人学’"批判集（第一集）》，并比较钱谷融先生《论"文学是人学"》中的相关论述，可以发现三个最主要的有争议的问题：一、文学的任务目的是写社会还是写人?二、评论文学的标准是人民性、爱国主义?还是人道主义精神?三、文学中的典型与阶级性的关系。讨论这几个问题不仅希望能够重返1950年代文艺/学术论争的历史语境，而且在今天的文学批评界仍有学术意义和现实理由。

By reviewing Collected Criticisms of the Doctrine of "Literature as a Study of Man"(Vol.I) published by Shanghai Wenyi Chubanshe in April, 1959 and comparing it with the relative discourse in QIAN Gu-rong's essay "On ‘Literature as a Study of Man’", this thesis explores issues in three aspects:(1) Is literature aimed to describe society or people?(2) Which serves as the standard for us to examine literature, people and patriotism, or humanism?(3) What is the relationship between typical cases and their social classes in literary works? The discussion about these issues will help us date back to the historical context of literary and intellectual debates in 1950s, which are still of academic and realistic significance today.