姚际恒是康熙年间学人，《春秋通论》是他《春秋》学、《左传》学的代表作。受"理学清算"思潮影响，《春秋通论》颇多瑕疵，然至今未见学界有比较深入的批评性文论。若以"历史美学"——借美学之慧眼审视"历史"和"历史学"——之方法对《春秋通论》加以剖析，姚际恒对孟子论《春秋》语；诟病杜预说"例"，以及对《左传》的批评都带有"历史美学"视角下的明显缺陷。辨姚氏而明之，或可于当今"治学"取举一反三之效。

YAO Ji-heng was a scholar who lived during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. A Comprehensive Study of the Spring and Autumn Annals represents his achievements in the research of The Spring and Autumn Annals and The Commentary of Zuo. Influenced by the trend of "criticizing and discarding Neo-Confucianism", A Comprehensive Study contains many defects, which unfortunately haven't been deeply examined in the academic circle. From the perspective of "historical Aesthetics", that is, examining history and historiography with the wisdom of Aesthetics, this paper analyzes A Comprehensive Study and finds out many defects in YAO's comments on Mencius's discussion about The Spring and Autumn Annals, his criticism of DU Yu's analyses of examples in The Commentary of Zuo and his criticism of The Commentary of Zuo. Such a critical examination of YAO would establish an example for today's academic research.