精准识别人口流入对基本公共服务水平的影响，是合理配置公共服务资源、有序引导劳动力空间转移以及促进新型城镇化优质协调发展的重要前提。为此，有必要结合主要人口流入地——全国70个大中城市2005—2018年的相关数据，测算各城市基本公共服务水平并进行地区差异分析；基于空间面板模型和工具变量法，实证考察人口流入对基本公共服务水平的影响，并对不同规模等级的城市进行异质性分析。研究发现，中国城市基本公共服务水平整体得到提高，城市间差异得到改善，地区不均衡性明显缩小；人口流入对流入地基本公共服务水平的影响存在一定的滞后性，但长期来看，人口流入的“规模效应”终将超过“拥挤效应”，从而显著提升当地基本公共服务水平。进一步研究还发现，人口流入对不同规模等级城市基本公共服务水平的影响存有差异，对于超大型城市主要表现出“拥挤效应”，而对于其他城市则更加突出地表现为“规模效应”；人口流入对邻近城市基本公共服务水平会产生负向溢出效应，地区人均生产总值、常住人口城镇化率、地方政府财政自主率均能显著提升流入地基本公共服务水平。上述结论在丰富基本公共服务相关研究的同时，对保障和改善民生、促进区域协调可持续发展也具有重要启示。

Accurately identifying the impact of population inflow on the level of basic public services is an important prerequisite for the rational allocation of public service resources, the orderly guidance of the spatial transfer of labor, and the promotion of high-quality and coordinated development of new urbanization. It is necessary to combine the 2005-2018 data of the main population inflow areas-70 large and medium cities across the country- and the urban settlement threshold index to measure the basic public service levels of each city and conduct regional differences analysis. Based on the spatial panel model and instrumental variables Law, this paper empirically examines the impact of population inflow on the level of basic public services, and analyzes the heterogeneity of cities of different scales. The results show that the overall level of basic public services in Chinese cities has been facilitated, the differences between cities have been improved, and regional imbalances have been significantly reduced; the impact of population inflow on the level of basic public services in the inflow areas has a certain lag, but in the long run, the “scale effect” of population inflows in China will eventually exceed the “crowding effect”, thereby significantly improving the level of local basic public services. Further research also finds out that the impact of population inflow on the basic public service levels of cities of different scales is different. It mainly shows the “crowding effect” for super large cities, while it is more prominently shown as the “scale effect” for other cities. Population inflow will have a negative spillover effect on the level of basic public services in neighboring cities. Regional GDP per capita, urbanization rate of the permanent population, and local government financial autonomy can all significantly improve the level of basic public services in the inflow areas. The above conclusions not only enrich the research of basic public services, but also provide a significant inspiration for ensuring and improving people’s livelihood and promoting regional coordinated and sustainable development.