宋明儒学对儒家学理有重要推进，也有严重误判，出现了天理实体化、门庭狭窄化、人欲污名化的问题。明清之际，以船山、蕺山、戴震为代表，对这三大误判进行了系统的检讨。但受各种因素的影响，这个进程被打断了，儒学第三期的发展未能接上这个端绪，致使宋明儒学这些问题仍以各种形式残留着，其中尤以天理实体化和门庭狭窄化为甚。儒学今后的发展应该自觉回头补课，接着明清讲，而不是接着宋明讲。这个问题处理不好，将直接影响儒学下一步的发展，需要引起高度关注。

Despite its great doctrinal advance, Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties committed some serious misjudgments, including the materialization of heavenly principle, sectarianism, and the stigmatization of human desire. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, these three major misjudgments were systematically reflected and criticized by WANG Fuzhi, LIU Zongzhou and DAI Zhen. However, this process was interrupted due to various factors, and the development of Confucianism in the third epoch failed to continue such reflection and criticism, with the result that these problems of Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties, especially the materialism of heavenly principle and sectarianism, still linger in various forms. The future development of Confucianism should consciously go back and make up “missed lessons” by following the Ming and Qing Dynasties, rather than the Song and Ming Dynasties. If this issue is not dealt with properly, it will have a direct impact on the next step in the development of Confucianism. Therefore, this issue deserves a great deal of attention.