通过在思想史和政治哲学视域内对孔子“有教无类”思想进行重构，可以论证“有教无类”并不会因为过于理想化而缺乏对现代多元社会的理论和实践意义。“有教无类”不是关于受教者的事实判断，而是关于施教者的价值判断，要求施教者平等对待具有不同个体背景的受教者。“有教无类”既不属于精英教育，也不能被解释为平民教育，而更接近一种公民道德教育，其目标不是站在统治者维度的“化民成俗”，而是培养“君子”。将“君子”和“君子之德”借以解释为“良好公民”和“公民道德”，在思想史和政治哲学视域内都具有一定的合理性，这种合理性也揭示了孔子“有教无类”思想在公民道德教育层面对于现代社会可能的意义和价值。

This article aims to reconstruct Confucius’ ideal of “education without discrimination” (youjiao wulei) from the perspectives of intellectual history and political philosophy to demonstrate its continued theoretical and practical significance in modern pluralistic societies. “Education without discrimination” is not a statement of fact about the educated, but rather a value judgment about the educators; it requires teachers to treat students with different individual backgrounds equally. This article argues that “education without discrimination” is a type of civic moral education, which belongs to neither elite nor popular education. It seeks to cultivate exemplary persons (Junzi), rather than influence common people to form moral customs. It is reasonable to interpret “Junzi” and “Junzi’s virtue” as “good citizens” and “civic morals” in the vision of intellectual history and political philosophy. This reasonability shows the possible significance and value of Confucius’ ideal of “education without discrimination” at the level of civil moral education in modern society.