基于“中国健康与养老追踪调查”（CHARLS）2011—2018年四期数据，研究两类基本医疗保险参保者的城乡身份、所在地区与收入水平对基本医疗保险受益的影响及其公平性，发现城镇职工医疗保险的覆盖率较低，而城乡居民医疗保险的实际覆盖率超过政策覆盖率；城镇和东部地区、高收入参保者的受益水平较高；医疗自付费用对低收入人群形成较大负担；随着时间的推移，参保者在不同维度的受益水平和公平性有所改善。模型分析结果还表明，在城镇职工医保内部，地区差距显著，东部、中部、西部、东北地区的住院费用水平依次递减，西部地区参保人员的健康水平显著低于东部地区；在城乡居民医保内部，城镇居民的受益水平显著高于农村居民和进城农民，东部地区居民的健康水平最高，而西部地区最低；参保者收入越低则住院费用越少，健康水平也越差。上述发现与结论对于进一步缩小不同城乡、地区和收入身份特征的参保者的受益差距，促进社会公平公正，推动共同富裕，具有一定的政策启示。

Based on the data of the “China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study” (CHARLS) collected in the four waves of surveys during 2011-2018, this paper investigates the impact of the urban-rural identity, region and income-level on the basic medical insurance benefits and equity of such benefits for the two types of basic medical insurance participants. The study finds that the coverage of the medical insurance for urban employees is rather low, while the actual coverage of the medical insurance for urban and rural residents is higher than the coverage aimed by the scheme; the benefit level of the insured in urban, eastern regions, or with high-income tends to be higher; the out-of-pocket medical expenses form a heavier burden on low-income patients. Nevertheless, the participants’ benefits level and equity in different dimensions has been improved with time. The results of empirical analysis show that within the medical insurance for urban employees, there is a significant regional gap, as the hospitalization expenses decreasing in the order of eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions. The health level of participants in the western region is significantly lower than that in the eastern region. Within the medical insurance for urban and rural residents, the urban participants tend to receive significantly higher benefits than rural participants and urban migrants; the health level of residents in the eastern region is the highest, while that of residents in the western region is the lowest; the participants with lower income tend to have lower hospitalization expenses and poorer health. These findings have some policy implications for further narrowing the benefit gap among the insured with different characteristics of urban-rural identity, region, and income level to promote social equity and common prosperity.