中国式现代化:积极应对人口老龄化

高度关注我国婚姻状况对未来群体和个体的养老影响

  • 桂世勋
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桂世勋,华东师范大学人口研究所、中国老龄协会老龄科研基地(华东师范大学)教授(上海,200062)

录用日期: 2024-04-23

  网络出版日期: 2024-06-05

Great Attention to the Influence of Marital Status on Future Collective Eldercare and Individual Eldercare in China

  • Shixun Gui
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Accepted date: 2024-04-23

  Online published: 2024-06-05

摘要

本世纪以来我国“大龄未婚”“终身不婚”占比呈现较快增长趋势。受大龄男女不愿结婚、上世纪80年代中期以来出生人口性别比失衡、婚后不育等影响,未来我国自愿的“原生型孤寡老人”、非自愿的“原生型孤寡老人”和“继发型孤寡老人”的数量会明显增加,这将加剧对群体养老和个体养老的负面影响。基于以上状况,建议应明确规定国家卫健委的人口监测与家庭发展司“承担出生人口性别比及其影响的综合治理工作”职责,尽快建立由国家卫健委牵头的“促进家庭和谐幸福部际联席会议”制度,积极引导城乡中青年人从提高自身进入老年期的生活质量和生命质量考虑“适龄婚育”并生育两三个孩子,从源头上相对降低未来我国老年人口中分性别和年龄组的“孤寡老人”占比;同时,在高质量推进未来我国城乡基本养老服务体系建设中应进一步研究落实中央提出的“优化孤寡老人服务”要求。

本文引用格式

桂世勋 . 高度关注我国婚姻状况对未来群体和个体的养老影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2024 , 56(3) : 138 -149 . DOI: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2024.03.013

Abstract

Since the beginning of this century, the percentage of single youth above the lawful marriage age and never-married persons has been rapidly increased in China. Factors such as young people’ reluctance to marry, the imbalance of sex ratio at birth since the middle of 1980s and infertility problems may lead to significant growth in the number of voluntarily ‘original elderly people without family’, involuntarily ‘original elderly people without family’ and ‘secondary elderly people without family’ in the future, which may exacerbate a negative effect on collective eldercare and individual eldercare. Therefore, the obligation of “the comprehensive management of the sex ratio at birth and its impact” of the Population Monitoring and Family Development Department of the National Health and Health Commission should be clearly defined, the system of “inter-ministerial joint conference on promoting family harmony and happiness” should be led by the National Health Commission as soon as possible. We also should actively guide young people in urban and rural areas to consider “age-appropriate marriage and childbearing” and encourage them to give birth to two or three children to relatively reduce from the source the proportion of “lonely elderly” in the gender and age groups of China’s elderly population in the future. At the same time, we should further study and implement the requirements of “optimizing the service for the elderly without family” proposed by the central government so as to achieve the high-quality promotion of the future construction of China’s basic eldercare system in urban and rural areas.

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