中国和欧洲都涵盖了广大地域，其中各个地区在各方面差异很大。要进行深入而客观的比较研究，应当选择那些具有较高可比性的地区。从经济史的角度来看，在近代早期中国和欧洲的各个地区中，江南和荷兰是两个可比性最高的地区。采用历史国民账户系统的方法，对19世纪初期这两个地区的经济状况进行比较研究，可以清楚地看到近代早期中国和欧洲这两个最发达的地区在经济发展水平方面具有重要的相似性和相异性。这个结果有力地推翻了以往以“英国模式”为标准来研究中国和欧洲近代经济史所导致的各种偏见，对我们更好地认识近代早期中国和欧洲的历史具有重要的意义。

Both China and Europe encompass vast territories with significant internal differences. To conduct thorough and objective comparative research, it is essential to choose regions with high comparability. From the perspective of economic history, the Yangtze Delta in China and the Netherlands in Europe are two regions with the highest comparability in early modern times. Using the Historical System of National Accounts (HSNA) methodology, this study compares the economic conditions of these two regions in the early 19^th century. It reveals significant similarities and differences in their levels of economic development in the early modern period. This result effectively challenges the biases inherent in previous studies that used the “British model” as the standard to examine the economic history of China and Europe, helping to promote our understanding of the history of China and Europe in early modern times.