城市致密化发展已经给人类身心健康带来了挑战。以上海为案例城市，采用问卷调查数据和人口普查等统计资料，可以分析城市致密化发展对超大城市居民身心健康指标影响效应与中介机制。研究发现，上海城市人口密度在国际主要城市中居前，人口密度水平已越过临界点，对居民健康的负向效应突出表现为亚健康指标、心理健康和社会适应等指标。其中，主观感知环境评价是城市致密化发展影响居民健康的重要作用路径。为此，建议严格控制超大城市高密度开发建设，充分优化调整休闲空间，提升居民生活空间品质。

The development of urban density has brought challenges to human physical and mental health. This study takes Shanghai as a case city, and uses questionnaire survey data and census data to analyze urban density’s effects on residents’ physical and mental health indicators and its mediating mechanism. It shows that the population density of Shanghai ranks first among the major cities in the world, and the level of population density has crossed the critical point. The negative effects on residents’ health are highlighted by sub-health indicators, mental health indicators and social adaptation indicators. Subjective perception environment assessment is an important way for urban densification development to affect residents’ health. Therefore, it is recommended to strictly control the high-density development and construction of megacities, fully optimize and adjust leisure space, and improve the quality of residents’ living space.