在外来人口宏观调控问题上, 政府作用和市场作用同样不可或缺。外来人口的宏观调控不仅仅是数量上的调控, 也不仅仅是人口准入制度的建立, 而是一个如何让外来人口和本地社会经济协调发展的过程。我们应该正确评估城市合理人口规模对城市人口调控的指导意义, 充分认识到城市合理人口规模只是一个理论概念, 而不是一种操作手段。在市场经济条件下, 产业结构调整、完善城市功能定位和优化城市空间结构、提高城市承载能力是实现外来人口和城市协调发展的长远措施。城市政府应该以劳动力市场干预为主要手段, 合理引导劳动力流动, 切实保障外来人口权益; 同时以建立和完善外来人口社会福利制度和社会管理制度为抓手, 消除市场经济所带来的各种负的外部性, 特别是外来人口的社会不适应性及其不良社会后果。

How to control the size of rural migrants has always been a hot topic in a metropolis during recent years.Since the flow of rural migrants is mainly determined by labor market factors which are out of governmental control, there are wide disputes on whether the city government should and can control the inflow of rural migrants.This paper argues that both the role of government and market economy are essential in adjusting and controlling the size of rural migrants.The macro adjustment and control of rural migrants not only means a control of size and a setup of population entry system but also a coordinated development process between rural migrants and cities.