Table of Content

15 July 2025, Volume 57 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

New Historical Materials and New Perspectives of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Studies (Symposium) Jun Qu, Faqin Lin, Mo Chen, Minling Liang, Songjie Zhao, Chunmei Zuo, Pan Jia 2025, 57 (4):  1-26.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.001 Abstract ( 338 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (988KB) ( 273 )   Save The studies of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression have achieved a multi-dimensional breakthrough in the exploration of historical materials and the innovation of perspectives. In terms of historical materials, the re-examination of folk oral history, video records, transnational declassified files, and “familiar materials” such as officers’ diaries, newspapers and periodicals, is pushing the research towards multi-source mutual evidence. From the research perspective, the studies of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression have also turned from a single military and political narrative to the organic integration of regional, transnational, socio-economic and cultural dimensions, highlighting the national character and world significance of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and profoundly revealing the deep interaction mechanism between war and society. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression is not only a battle for national survival, but also provides a key fulcrum for the revival of the popularization of national concepts and the continuous inheritance of Chinese civilization. Only by integrating multi-source historical materials and multi-disciplinary perspectives can we reach the deep texture of the history of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Evolution of Governance Paradigms in Open-Source AI：Toward an Ethics–Technology Co-Construction Framework Jin Xu, Jue Wang 2025, 57 (4):  27-35.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.002 Abstract ( 274 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (597KB) ( 107 )   Save Emerging as an irreversible global trend, open-source artificial intelligence (OSAI), represented by models such as DeepSeek, is breaking technological monopolies and advancing the democratization of intelligence. Within the complex ecology of OSAI, the code layer and the community layer are interwoven, jointly driving a shift in governance logic from unilateral intervention to reciprocal co-creation, from centralized control to pluralistic collaboration, and from pre-established rules to emergent orders. Ethics has become a value system that is constantly generated and evolved with practical feedback, whereas technology has become a dynamic system that reflects social expectations and embeds value preferences. The governance paradigm of OSAI exhibits a discernible trajectory characterized by value-driven development, multi-party co-construction, ethical negotiation, and technological symbiosis. The notion of “ethics–technology co-construction” not only offers a philosophical interpretation of human–technology coexistence but also anticipates the future logic of ethical order formation. It addresses contemporary aspirations for “AI for Good” and envisions a future of human–AI symbiosis, which is partially shaped by human intentionality, continuously guided by public values, and effectively supported by technological innovation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Historical Development of Predictive Processing Theory Rui Wu, Hengwei Li 2025, 57 (4):  36-47.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.003 Abstract ( 281 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1067KB) ( 635 )   Save Emerging as a powerful research paradigm with broad inclusiveness in cognitive science in recent years, the predictive processing theory has garnered significant attention. Leading figures in the field anticipate that it will “offer the promise of providing a unified framework for the study of the human mind.” The development of the predictive processing theory can be divided into two major stages, i.e., philosophy and natural science. In the philosophical stage, its historical roots primarily include Kant’s transcendental philosophy and Helmholtz’s unconscious inference. In the natural science stage, it has gradually developed and improved through theories such as predictive coding in information transmission, Bayesian brain, Helmholtz algorithm in deep learning, predictive coding in visual computing, and free energy principle. This historical analysis helps to clarify the key characteristics of the developmental stages of the predictive processing theory and the intrinsic connections between related concepts. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Capitalism’s New Evolution in the Era of AGI and the Strategic Choice of Chinese Modernization Nanping Yu, Peng Zhang 2025, 57 (4):  48-59.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.004 Abstract ( 227 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (685KB) ( 159 )   Save The breakthrough in both open-source and closed-source large models of AGI marks the advent of the AGI era for human society. The rapid advancement of AI technologies is profoundly reshaping capitalist societies primarily in three dimensions of productive forces: the transformation of the means of labor from specific tools to generalized production systems, the shift of labor objects from tangible natural resources to intangible data resources, and the evolution of laborers into human-machine collaborators. A critical examination of these new dynamics reveals that the development and deployment of AGI under capitalist systems significantly intensifies data monopolization of the means of production, exacerbates structural imbalances in distribution relations, and deepens the alienation of consumption relations. These transformations are fostering a new power structure in capitalist societies, giving rise to a novel form of “technological capitalism” driven by technology and data. Exemplified by DeepSeek, the successful development of indigenous open-source AGI models in China demonstrates China’s distinctive advantages in advancing AGI and provides a new path for the development of AGI in China and offers a Chinese-style modernization path option for promoting global AI governance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Notes on 1866 Crisis and Marx’s Theory of Fictitious Capital Ligang Dai 2025, 57 (4):  60-69.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.005 Abstract ( 157 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (619KB) ( 246 )   Save Marx’s theory of fictitious capital has become a crucial contemporary academic topic due to its critical value in analyzing financial capitalism. Inheriting Hilferding’s research on finance capital, Sweezy adopted a “continuous progressive method” to interpret the separation mechanism between fictitious and real capital. However, he overlooked the procedure of fictitious capital formation and its inherent systemic characteristics. Contemporary Neo-Hegelian Marxism defines fictitious capital as a claim on “future income streams” and a truly “non-existent” entity, offering an interpretation more imbued with Hegelian systematic dialectics while opposite to traditional readings. To address the interpretive challenges of fictitious capital, it is necessary to return to the MEGA II texts and explore Marx’s extensive notes on 1866 crisis concerning fictitious capital. Through a crisis-based perspective, a deeper understanding of the essence and operational mechanisms of fictitious capital can be achieved and a more “moderate” and dialectical approach to navigating “finance capital” can be discovered. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On Qian Zhongshu’s “Soulful Exchange of Verses”：With Reference to Shuzi’s “Poetic Companion of a Suffering Soul” Zhongyi Xia 2025, 57 (4):  70-85.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.006 Abstract ( 141 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1017KB) ( 733 )   Save Although expelled by “Literary Revolution” from the modern literary scene in the early 20th century, the traditional-style poetry has not completely disappeared yet. In a quiet or hidden way, it retreated into the private realms of intellectuals over the past century, often manifesting as personal exchange of verses. The half-century-long poetic exchange (1938–1988) between Qian Zhongshu and Mao Xiaolu (Shuzi) is described as “soulful” because the profound spiritual resonance that their sincere exchanges evoked during critical periods in each other’s life histories has offered a form of “soul solace”. For Qian Zhongshu, this “soul solace” primarily manifested between 1939 and 1941 in the dimension of “a human being and the self”, grounding his “willingness to sacrifice for scholarship.” For Shuzi, it occurred between 1942 and 1947 in the dimension of “a human being and the nation”, soothing his ethical concerns over “being a cypress or a pine”. It was in Qian Zhongshu’s effort to comfort Shuzi’s ethical dilemmas that he innovatively transformed the traditional rhyming style of poetic exchange rooted in millennia of Chinese poetic history into a non-rhyming narrative style. To explore Qian Zhongshu’s rhymed poetic exchange for Shuzi’s suffering soul, one should consult Collected Poems from Huaiju; to delve into his non-rhymed poetic exchange for Shuzi’s troubled soul, one must carefully examine the figure of “Dong Xiechuan” in Chapter Three of Qian Zhongshu’s novel Fortress Besieged. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Modern Interpretation of Journey to the West and the Establishment of the Article View in the May Fourth Period Xiaohui Wang 2025, 57 (4):  86-96.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.007 Abstract ( 171 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (728KB) ( 46 )   Save The modern interpretation of Journey to the West is closely related to the establishment of the article view in the May Fourth Period. The exploration of human nature in Journey to the West by the May Fourth scholars has shifted the interpretation of the novel from the focus on “conveying morality” to “emphasis on emotions”. However, the approach of absolutely interpreting Journey to the West through modern concepts of human nature and emotions will become a new form of “conveying morality” appropriate for the ideas of the May Fourth Movement. In addition, the May Fourth scholars used the term “earthworm-like structure” to deny the structural significance of Journey to the West. This is to prune Chinese literature by Western standards, ignoring the novel’s unique Chinese thinking mode and the aesthetic taste according to traditional literary theory. At the same time, the May Fourth scholars used works like Journey to the West to seek historical basis for the May Fourth vernacular literature, but did not allow ancient vernacular works to become a direct model for the new literature, making the May Fourth vernacular literature related to but different from ancient Chinese vernacular literature. The modern interpretation of Journey to the West shows that under the pressure of the May Fourth view of vernacular literature that highlighted human emotions, the classical views of “conveying morality” and “vital energy in the article” and the “ancient vernacular tradition” were either overshadowed or recreated. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Procuratorial Public Interest Litigation against Online Violence in the Digital Age：Theoretical Interpretation and Implementation Path Qing Ye, Yi Wang 2025, 57 (4):  97-110.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.008 Abstract ( 141 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (655KB) ( 568 )   Save The governance of online violence is a very complex issue. It not only requires the cooperation of multiple parties, but also calls for new ideas for the governance of online violence. As a legal tool for judicial participation in social governance, procuratorial public interest litigation can implement the governance thinking of “front-end, middle & back-end” of online violence, and achieve the multidimensional value pursuit concerning online violence, including risk prevention, damage relief, and restorative justice. The public and social nature of online violence, as well as the tolerance of policies and regulations, jointly establish the theoretical framework for public interest litigation in the prosecution of online violence. However, the expansion practice of public interest litigation for online violence prosecution still requires the introduction of corresponding litigation concepts, rules, and supporting systems to facilitate the smooth operation of the online violence prosecution public interest litigation system. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Typical Problems and Legislative Improvement of the leniency System for Admitting Guilt and Accepting Punishment Xiaona Wei, Tiantian Xie 2025, 57 (4):  111-121.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.009 Abstract ( 171 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (614KB) ( 422 )   Save Since the comprehensive implementation of the system of leniency for admitting guilt and accepting punishment, the operation has been satisfactory overall. However, there have also emerged some representative issues. For instance, procuratorial organ lodges protests because court hasn’t adopted sentencing recommendations or notified sentencing adjustment recommendations; prosecutorial authorities use protests to deter defendants from appealing; and there are problems in the procedural arrangement of admitting guilt and accepting punishment during the trial stage. There are also differing views between court and procuratorial organ on these issues. These problems and the divergence in understanding are originated from the collision between the original litigation environment of official investigation and the dispute resolution-oriented institutional logic introduced by the leniency system for admitting guilt and accepting punishment. In the context of the revision of the Criminal Procedure Law, there are two solutions to mitigate or reduce these conflicts. First, we should design the negotiation as a fact-finding mechanism rather than a case disposition mechanism, which objectively requires the deletion of Article 201 of the Criminal Procedure Law stipulating that the people’s courts “should generally” adopt the sentencing recommendations of the people’s procuratorates. Second, we should limit the application of the negotiation mechanism to cases that may be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On China’s Supervisors’ Supervisory Power with Limited Independence Haifeng Chen 2025, 57 (4):  122-133.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.010 Abstract ( 152 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (586KB) ( 33 )   Save The principle of supervisory organs’ exercising their supervisory power independently in accordance with the law in China is centered on the overall independence of supervisory organs, without sufficient attention to the independence of supervisors. While vigorously combating corruption, this may reduce the efficiency of power exercise, fail to mobilize the enthusiasm of internal organizations, and cause certain problems of accountability. The independent exercise of power by supervisors should be an inherent part of the principle of independent supervision and Oversight Officials Law. This is also essential to preventing the drawbacks of the integrated supervision and ensuring the correct exercise of supervisory powers. The supervisors’ exercising of power with limited independence is not in conflict with the reform of the national supervision system, and can draw lessons from the judicial power due to the commonality of handling duty-related crimes. To realize the principle of supervisory independence, the construction of supervisors’ limited independent exercise of power should be premised on strengthening their qualifications and centered on authorizing supervisors and other case-handling organizations according to the importance of the supervisory matters and the impact of specific supervisory powers, combining with the early intervention of the procuratorate in the investigation and the addition of the rights of the investigated persons. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Quality Integration of Culture and Tourism in the Process of Chinese Modernization：Theoretical Logic，Key Issues and Practical Approaches Xuegang Feng, Jing He 2025, 57 (4):  134-146.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.011 Abstract ( 332 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1020KB) ( 588 )   Save The high-quality integration of culture and tourism is not only a necessary requirement for building China into a country with a strong culture and a strong tourism sector, but also an inherent part of striving to achieve Chinese modernization. It is particularly necessary to discuss the theoretical relationship between the high-quality integration of culture and tourism and the process of Chinese modernization, clarify its scientific connotations, basic characteristics and practical constraints, and build a long-term promotion mechanism. We can see that Chinese modernization and the high-quality integration of culture and tourism mutually support each other in the theoretical framework of “strategic goals, essential connotations, and basic characteristics”. The high-quality integration of culture and tourism in the new era is characterized by supply-demand matching, urban-rural balance, mutual promotion, green efficiency, and openness to the outside world. The main challenges lie in the obstruction of culture and tourism supply-side reform, the imbalance of urban-rural integration of culture and tourism, the shallow integration of cultural and tourism industry, the effective management of cultural and tourism space, and the insufficient international influence of culture and tourism. On this new journey, we must enrich cultural and tourism products, promote balanced urban-rural development of culture and tourism, advance the deep integration of the cultural and tourism system, optimize the functions of cultural and tourism spaces, and enhance the international competitiveness of culture and tourism. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Deep Integration and High-Quality Development of Culture and Tourism Driven by Standardization Yan Zhang, Chunyi Yan, Lin Mou 2025, 57 (4):  147-161.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.012 Abstract ( 202 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (3217KB) ( 534 )   Save In the process of deep integration and high-quality development of culture and tourism, standardization serves as a crucial technical management tool, playing a pivotal role in guiding direction and providing foundational support. By systematically reviewing the policies and developmental stages of China’s cultural and tourism standards from 1993 to 2025, and employing CiteSpace 6.3.1 for co-occurrence, clustering, and burst analysis, this study identifies key gaps in several areas: the deep integration of cultural and tourism standard systems, the support of standardization for emerging cultural and tourism formats, the coordinated management of standardization technical organizations, and the participation of enterprise actors. Looking ahead to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to accelerate strategic planning and establish an integrated cultural and tourism standard system, enhance the supply of standards in key areas, promote coordinated action among diverse stakeholders, amplify the spillover effects of innovation through standardization, and advance international cooperation in standardization to continually strengthen the global influence of Chinese standards. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Impact and Mechanism of Cultural and Tourism Consumption Promotion Policy under the Background of the Integration of Culture and Tourism：Empirical Evidence from Pilot Demonstration Cities Qiuyang Yu, Xinzhou Liu 2025, 57 (4):  162-175.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.04.013 Abstract ( 261 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (938KB) ( 641 )   Save In the process of deepening Chinese modernization and the integration of culture and tourism, promoting high-quality integration of culture and tourism at the consumption level will not only enrich the integration of culture and tourism, but also effectively boost consumption and expand domestic demand. In the practice of integrating culture and tourism, it is particularly crucial to leverage the leading role of pilot demonstration cities for cultural and tourism consumption. Based on this, this policy is regarded as a quasi-natural experiment, and a multi period double difference model is constructed with panel data of listed cultural and tourism enterprises nationwide from 2013 to 2023. It can be confirmed that this policy can significantly improve the total factor productivity of regional enterprises of culture and tourism. As far as alleviating financing constraints and promoting R&D innovation are concerned, this policy has a more significant effect on improving the total factor productivity of enterprises by alleviating financing constraints. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that at the enterprise level, this policy has a more significant impact on small and non-state-owned cultural and tourism enterprises; at the regional level, it has a better promoting effect on non-first-tier cities and areas with low levels of financial development. The above findings or conclusions expand the research on the micro effects and impact mechanisms of the policy, and provide targeted suggestions for policy optimization and the expansion of cultural and tourism consumption in the medium and long term. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics