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15 September 2025, Volume 57 Issue 5 Previous Issue   

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From Jin Yuelin to Feng Qi：The Inheritance and Advancement of Philosophical Thinking Guorong Yang 2025, 57 (5):  1-10.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.001 Abstract ( 147 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (576KB) ( 59 )   Save Jin Yuelin and Feng Qi are important representatives of modern Chinese philosophy. The transition from Jin Yuelin to Feng Qi not only reflects the evolution of modern Chinese philosophy but also forms a significant academic lineage. Feng Qi, who was once a student of Jin Yuelin, reflected on Jin’s philosophy in a series of lectures in his later years. Jin Yuelin examines sensory experience and proposes that “the given is the objective presence”, affirming the reliability of sensory experience. By linking the given in the realm of sensibility with the process of practice, Feng Qi provides a more realistic foundation for the theory of the “given”. On the issue of concept, while Jin Yuelin argues that a concept has dual functions of description and prescription, Feng Qi elaborates on this from the perspective of dialectical thinking. As for induction, Jin Yuelin regards objective order as the intrinsic basis for moving from the particular to the universal, thus providing an ontological foundation for induction. Feng Qi further explores the dialectical process of induction, including the unity of analysis with synthesis and that of induction with deduction. As for the process of knowing, Feng Qi introduces the issues of questions, opinions, and viewpoints into epistemology, both elaborating on Jin’s theory and presenting new epistemological insights. He also connects the realms of the effable and the ineffable on the one hand with the relation between knowledge and wisdom on the other, arguing that the transformation from the effable to the ineffable is concretely manifested as a leap from knowledge to wisdom. In metaphysics, Feng Qi analyzes the formalist tendency in Jin’s A Treatise on Dao and develops Jin’s theory of the original into a theory of the four worlds, i.e., the original world, the world of facts, the world of possibilities and the world of values, which contains both theoretical insights and issues for further discussion. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Selflessness of the Self：Rediscovering The Insights of Tan Sitong’s Treatise of Ren Ruiquan Gao 2025, 57 (5):  11-28.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.002 Abstract ( 151 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (887KB) ( 89 )   Save Tan Sitong’s posthumous work Doctrine of Ren (Renxue) is a renowned yet insufficiently studied masterpiece of modern philosophy. Rooted in the Confucian tradition of ren (humanity), it responds to the urgent concerns of an era of upheaval by interpreting ren through the lens of “thoroughgoingness” (tong). Beneath its surface blended of mysticism, ethics, common sense and new knowledge, we can outline the framework of a “ren-throughgoingness” philosophy and examine its doctrines of the dao, social theory, and mind-body philosophy. For Tang, “ren takes thoroughgoingness as its primary meaning”. Taking that of the self and the other as its core, thoroughgoingness also encompasses that between China and the West, the superior and the inferior, and female and male. Its social philosophy advocates radical egalitarianism, providing robust justification for the concept of the self orienting toward the thoroughgoingness of the self and the other. As for the means of achieving throughgoingness, its best expression is “mind/heart-force”, which serves as both the impetus of social reform and the driver of spiritual “throughgoingness”, leading to a universally harmonious ideal. Departing from the classical concept of the self, Tan’s philosophy of “throughgoinness” aims to “forge a new learning that can break through all nets”. It thus must dismantle “blockages” and integrate modernity elements like “rights” so as to channel the tide of “human liberation”. Tan remains a philosopher who “continually cultivates himself toward the purity of selfless in a unity with the cosmos”. Nevertheless, in Tan, active salvation has replaced contemplative meditation as the path of cultivation. A cosmology enriched by new scientific knowledge, traditional doctrines of Confucianism and Daoism, and Buddhist wisdom - all of these are woven into multilayered discourses that try to dissolve the tension between the “self” and the “selflessness” in both theory and practice. “The selflessness of the self” unfolds as a blueprint for radical social reform and a classical ideal of personality, which also offers a philosophical narrative for “Tan Sitong’s death”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Debate of “Authentic Marxism” in Historical Thinking Lizhi Huang 2025, 57 (5):  29-39.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.003 Abstract ( 123 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (703KB) ( 38 )   Save When Marx claimed that “I am not a Marxist”, it signified that the indisputable and exclusive concept of “Marxism” had already undergone differentiation. After the passing of Marx and Engels, the debate over “authentic Marxism” has permeated the whole history of Marxist development. The debate over “authentic Marxism” is typically related to the practice of socialist movements, pertaining to the question of “what is to be done with socialism”. The early debates over “authentic Marxism” centered on the theories of Bernstein and Kautsky, and today we should focus on the methodological aspects in their thinking. In the process of revolution, construction, and reform in the 20th century, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has not only withstood the text of the question of “authentic Marxism” but has also successfully resolved it. Summarizing all the lessons of experience, it is that “authentic Marxism” must be guided by correct methodology and practice, rather than entangled in textual interpretations. Only by treating Marxism in this way can it remain full of vitality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Historical Aesthetic Analysis of the Opposition between History and Poetry：Represented by Zhu Guangqian and Qian Zhongshu Xinsheng Lu 2025, 57 (5):  40-56.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.004 Abstract ( 107 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1024KB) ( 22 )   Save Zhu Guangqian and Qian Zhongshu have significant positions in the history of contemporary Chinese aesthetics. They not only possess rich and profound aesthetic thoughts, but also serve as important representatives who adhere to the doctrine that history and poetry are opposite. From the perspective of historical aesthetics, Zhu Guangqian, based on the assertions of Aristotle and Hegel, argued that historiography lacks the poetic universality and the capacity to reveal essence, whereas poetry, through verisimilitude, manifests necessary laws. Although Qian Zhongshun, in his Limited Veiws (Guanzhui Bian), revealed the resonance between historical writing and literature through propositions such as “poetry can express grievances”, he, in his Annotations on Song Poetry (Songshi Xuanzhu) criticized Chen Yinke’s method of the “mutual verification between poetry and history”, denying the legitimacy of verifying history with poetry. Historical aesthetics embodies the tension between the “quest for truth” in empirical evidences and the “quest for beauty” in narratives. Despite their divergent approaches, Chen Yinke’s methodology of “mutual interpretation of classical and modern allusions” and Qian Zhongshu’s “theory of poetic heart” ultimately converge, collectively highlighting the holistic thinking of Chinese academic studies, which is grounded in local contexts and integrates humanistic care. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflecting on Regional Studies：Development History，Methodological Critique，and the Chinese Path Heng Chen 2025, 57 (5):  57-67.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.005 Abstract ( 156 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (655KB) ( 54 )   Save As an interdisciplinary field, the development of regional studies has been closely intertwined with geopolitical demands. During the Cold War, American regional studies exerted a certain influence on global academics, yet its prominence fluctuated alongside changes in the global landscape. The greatest strength of regional studies lies in its interdisciplinary integration, but this very characteristic has also led to a lack of a unified research paradigm, subjecting it to repeated challenges. Against the complex backdrop of deglobalization and anti-globalization, regional studies, guided by the principle of cultural exchange and mutual learning, is demonstrating renewed vitality. The fundamental goal of regional studies in China is to enhance the capability to understand foreign contexts through in-depth comprehension of the history, culture, and social structures of various regions, thereby fostering mutual recognition and communication. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reinterpreting the Alternative Designations of “Nanxi”: Also on Its Formation Fan Tan, Huayu Zhang 2025, 57 (5):  68-77.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.006 Abstract ( 126 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (753KB) ( 54 )   Save Textual analysis shows that “Huling Shengsou”, which literally means “witty speech”, was consistent with “Zaju” (poetic drama) in the early Song Dynasty focusing on comic dialogues. As a product of the southward spread of “Zaju”, “Huling Shengsou” emerged in the Xuanhe era. After the royal court’s relocation in the south, it was called “Yongjia Zaju” or “Wenzhou Zaju”. Both “Xiwen” and “Yongjia Xiqu” were alternative names for “Nanxi”. The former, meaning “performing narrative texts”, reveals the influence of vernacular fictions, while the latter reflects a close relationship between “Nanxi” and the storytelling and singing arts in the Song Dynasty. The alternative designations of “Nanxi”, namely, “Huling Shengsou”, “Yongjia Zaju”, “Xiwen”, and “Yongjia Xiqu”, thus indicate the four stages in the formation of “Nanxi”. Given limited sources, its trajectory should be sketched in broad terms. Future research should also move beyond the north–south dichotomy and re-examine the formation, interaction, and transmission of northern and southern dramas from a synthetic historical perspective of “grand Zaju”. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Aesthetic Comprehension Xuguang Liu 2025, 57 (5):  78-89.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.007 Abstract ( 131 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (667KB) ( 29 )   Save Viewing an object as a whole is one of the characteristics of aesthetic appreciation. Aesthetic appreciation is not initiated by the induction of the parts, but by the intuition of the whole, which directly captures the “spirit/atmosphere” of the object. Viewing an object as a whole is the result of apperception. It is realized through the sensory comprehension of imagination and the intellectual comprehension of reason, while aesthetic comprehension exists at the intersection of sensory comprehension and intellectual comprehension. By aesthetic comprehension, it becomes possible to “view the atmosphere first”, and to acquire a “generalized feeling” and “meaning”. The mechanism of aesthetic comprehension is as follows: guided by an“aesthetic idea”, imagination comprehends the sensory manifold as a perceptible yet infinite “ideal-image” at once. This explains the experience of “viewing the atmosphere first”, viewing the whole from a distance, and “words have their limits, yet meaning transcends all bounds”, revealing a universality of the beautiful that can be communicated without a concept. The existence of aesthetic comprehension explains the uniqueness of aesthetics as a mode of cognition: aesthetics is comprehensive, while taste is analytical. Through its cognitive mechanisms, aesthetic comprehension ensures the autonomy of aesthetic appreciation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-Rules：An Important Category in the New Speech Act Analysis Fanzhu Hu 2025, 57 (5):  90-104.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.008 Abstract ( 132 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (757KB) ( 63 )   Save Existing paradigms of language use research seldom discuss “rule systems”. According to the theory of “new speech act analysis”, a speech act is essentially a game in which individuals achieve their intentions by exchanging linguistic information. This implies the need to recognize the following five aspects about rules. First, any game operates under certain rules. To effectively realize speech intentions, a series of rules must be followed. “Rules” are thus one of the fundamental categories that cannot be overlooked in speech act analysis. Second, the rules governing speech acts are systematic. They include “general rules” applicable to all speech acts and “specific rules” unique to particular domains, as well as mandatory “constitutive rules” and optional “strategic rules”. Third, the “constitutive rules of general speech acts” (i.e., “meta-rules”) have traditionally been misidentified as the “principle of appropriateness”. In fact, the meta-rules should be the “principle of intention”, the “principle of legitimacy”, and the “principle of cost-effectiveness”. Among these, the “principle of intention” (i.e., conforming to the speaker’s intention) is the primary one of language use, while “genre” falls under the category governed by the “principle of legitimacy”. Fourth, “rhetorical devices” should not be the central focus of rhetoric but should instead be examined as a form of “strategic rules for general speech acts”. Fifth, the focus of research on speech acts in specific domains, such as “political speech acts”, “news speech acts”, “legal speech acts”, and “second language teaching speech acts”, should prioritize investigating their “constitutive rules” rather than focusing merely on their “styles” or “techniques”. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Project Inhabitation：On the Dynamic Coupling Mechanism in Grassroots Governance Social Work Jun Wen, Shumin Fang 2025, 57 (5):  105-115.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.009 Abstract ( 171 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (637KB) ( 82 )   Save The project-based system of social work has become one of the basic forms of social work in grassroots governance. Through the case study of the community micro-governance project in X Street, Shanghai, it is found that the practice of grassroots governance social work is characterized by the institutional model based on the project system as the carrier of settlement, the organizational structure of “governance” + “social work” providing the embedded network, and the operational shift from fragmented capture to integrated intervention. On this basis, the dynamic coupling mechanism of grassroots governance social work includes the structural mutual construction mechanism of institutional and mechanism innovation under the background of institutional reform, the service co-progression mechanism centered on demand translation, and the action mutual transformation mechanism of multiple logic consultation and co-governance and their integration. The three types of mechanisms coexist and interact, promoting grassroots governance social work to become the core field for constructing a theoretical paradigm and practical system of social work with Chinese characteristics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Prototype of Chinese Morality and the Constitution and Configuration of Sacred Knowledge Xiangping Li 2025, 57 (5):  116-127.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.010 Abstract ( 89 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (624KB) ( 40 )   Save Chinese civilization exhibits a spiritual orientation grounded in a comprehensive theory of the sacred. This orientation functions as an implicit epistemological framework, tacitly manifesting in concepts such as the resonance between Heaven and humanity, affective attunement, and moral cultivation. It also serves not only as the origin of knowledge production but also as a fundamental mechanism for the operation of social life. It is based on the moral prototypes and their sacred knowledge framework, and centered around the prototypes of ideal figures who have achieved sanctity and sagehood, as well as the narrative style of moral inspiration. It constructs a kind of knowledge inherent in action or constituting action. It is a cognitive function and a shared ability that tells people how to practice and enhance the profound meaning of life experience. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mary Douglas’ Cultural Theories and the European Anthropological Thought Traditions Jianbo Huang 2025, 57 (5):  128-137.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.011 Abstract ( 150 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (666KB) ( 51 )   Save Renowned anthropologist Mary Douglas’s Purity and Danger is well-known for its in-depth analysis of pollution and social order. However, it also, to some extent, obscures her later reflections on religious scriptures and modern Western society. Comparing it with Leviticus as Literature, published thirty years later, we can more vividly outline Douglas’s intellectual trajectory and the generative process of her cultural theories. The influence and turbulence of Catholic thought traditions and anthropological paradigms shaped her views on “order”, “tolerance”, and even “freedom”. Douglas’ case suggests that anthropology and modern social theory may not be as detached from specific historical and intellectual sympathies as they claim. The continuity and evolution of scholarly ideas are always influenced by particular ideological traditions. Therefore, it is necessary for us to consciously understand the epistemological foundations and possibilities of modern social theory. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Knowledge System of the Style Building of the Communist Party of China Weiping Qi 2025, 57 (5):  138-150.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.012 Abstract ( 133 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (609KB) ( 59 )   Save The style building of the Communist Party of China is a significant component of the great project of the Party building. It is important to construct the knowledge system of the discipline of the history and the building of the Party, and deeply examine the knowledge system of the Party’s style building. In its long-term practice, the Party’s style building has demonstrated a content map of the “Three Major Fine Styles + X”, covering all aspects of this endeavor. The historical practice of the Party’s style building reflects developmental characteristics such as the integration of theory and practice, the unity of upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground, the combination of diachronic and synchronic perspectives, and the integration of instrumental and value rationality. The narrative of the Party’s style building has formed a rich discourse system centered on themes such as nature and purpose, original aspiration and mission, distinguishing features, eternal tasks, the mass line, survival and demise, the people’s country, and views on political achievement. The Party’s style building demonstrates functional values in shaping the image of an advanced political party, implementing the Party’s lines, principles, and policies, maintaining the health of the Party organism, and showcasing the personality strength of the Party. Supported by systems constituted of conviction, mission, emotion, motivation, and spirit, the Party’s style building is effectively advanced. The rich experience accumulated in the Party’s style building provides practical wisdom and a guide to construct a stronger Party. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Alternative Reality in the “MAGA Metaverse”：On Contemporary American Politics of Lies Guanjun Wu 2025, 57 (5):  151-167.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.013 Abstract ( 111 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (969KB) ( 50 )   Save Since Donald Trump’s election as U.S. President in 2016, American politics has undergone significant and substantive changes. However, these conspicuous shifts have obscured a more fundamental transformation: the change in American citizens’ attitude toward lying. In today’s United States, despite frequent exposures of falsehoods by the highest leadership, there remains a steadfast public self-identification as “truth-seekers” which continues to garner support from nearly half of the population and numerous Silicon Valley elites. This “Trump phenomenon” profoundly redefines the ethical substance of contemporary America. Through an in-depth examination of the unique form of lying in modern American politics, this study aims to reveal how Trump has successfully politicized and weaponized falsehoods, thereby reshaping the ethical fabric of present-day America. In the current political arena, lies are not merely used to conceal existing realities but are also employed to construct alternative realities. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Evolution of Chinese Enterprises’ Supply Chains：Decoupling and Disrupting vs. Strengthening and Stabilizing Lianxing Yang, Feng Chen 2025, 57 (5):  168-186.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.014 Abstract ( 204 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (888KB) ( 155 )   Save Against the backdrop of intensifying global economic and trade uncertainties, supply chain resilience has become a pivotal driver of firm competitiveness and a cornerstone of national economic security. Drawing on the National Enterprise Tax Survey and the Qichacha database, this study constructs micro-level supply chain indicators covering 3.3 million enterprise-to-enterprise pairs from 2011 to 2020.By analyzing firm-level supply chain resilience and network structures, we find that the overall resilience of Chinese enterprises’ supply chains has exhibited a steady upward trend. Supply chain systems are evolving from a “core–periphery” configuration toward a multi-nodal, decentralized, and highly collaborative elastic network structure, reflecting structural reconstruction and partial functional upgrading. Broadly aware of the risks of “chain disruption”, firms have proactively adopted diversified layouts and strengthened cooperation to mitigate vulnerabilities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that domestic enterprises outperform foreign-invested firms in enhancing supply chain resilience. In “bottleneck” industries, resilience has significantly improved under policy support and domestic substitution initiatives, while strategic emerging industries have developed diversified supply chain structures by leveraging technological advancements. Further evidence shows that, with accelerated network restructuring, resilience improvements are particularly pronounced in key sectors such as manufacturing, mining, and information technology services. This study offers important insights for fostering autonomous and controllable supply chains in China. It also provides policy implications for strengthening and stabilizing supply chains and improving resilience and security levels. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Promoting Impact and Mechanisms of Leading Enterprises on the Integration of Sci-tech Innovation and Industrial Innovation Tangwei Teng, Ling Lan 2025, 57 (5):  187-204.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.015 Abstract ( 133 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (799KB) ( 27 )   Save Enterprises are the key agents in advancing the integration of sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation, while cities serve as critical spatial carriers for this integration. Utilizing panel data from 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2013 to 2023, this paper finds that during the study period, the integration of sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation in the Yangtze River Delta increased by 131.35%, while inter-city disparities expanded by 107.73%. Leading enterprises have significantly driven the integration of sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation in cities, with more pronounced effects in economical core cities and metropolitan clusters. Local technology spillovers, venture capital availability, and sci-tech service ecosystems demonstrate significant moderating effects, amplifying the positive influence of leading enterprises. The spatial Durbin model confirms that leading enterprises in a city have a significant positive spillover effect on the integration of sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation in surrounding cities. This research provides empirical evidence and policy implications for fostering leading enterprises to promote the integration of sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Construction and Measurement Evaluation of a China’s Pension Index Jinfei Lu, Huimin Liu 2025, 57 (5):  205-226.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.016 Abstract ( 182 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (915KB) ( 58 )   Save The operational status of the pension system is vital to the well-being of hundreds of millions of people. Against the backdrop of China’s aging population, high pressure on intergenerational support for pensions, a complex institutional system, and unbalanced development, it is significant to construct an indicator system and compile a China’s pension index when fully considering the macro and micro factors affecting the economic security for the elderly. Taking advantage of authoritative and public data, and using a method combining subjective and objective approaches, this paper measures and analyzes the pension security level of various provinces in China from 2024 to 2025, as well as their operational performance in the dimensions of adequacy, sustainability, balance, and comprehensiveness. Further analysis of the dynamic change trend of the overall operation of the pension system reveals that China’s overall pension security level is in a sound range, and the operation of the pension system is constantly improving; however, the quality of development needs to be enhanced, regional disparities are significant and showing a worsening trend, and the balance and comprehensiveness of pensions need to be improved. In response to this, the government should further enhance the balance and comprehensiveness of pensions to promote the high-quality development of the pension system. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Attach Great Importance to Enhancing Generalized Eldercare Benefits of Raising Children Shixun Gui 2025, 57 (5):  227-233.  doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.017 Abstract ( 92 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (566KB) ( 55 )   Save Facing the severe situation of “an aging population with declining birthrates” in China, governments at all levels and the academic circle have attached great importance to decreasing the costs associated with childbearing, childrearing and education, but they do little with how to effectively increase potential benefits of raising children, especially generalized eldercare benefits. This paper analyzes in detail the generalized eldercare needs for their children in the context of continuously improving social security systems in urban and rural areas of China in the new era. It explores a theoretical framework for benefits of raising children with Chinese characteristics, which inherits Chinese traditional culture and conforms to China’s national conditions. To effectively enhancing generalized eldercare benefits of raising children, this paper suggests to vigorously promote filial piety with targeted implementation on relevant laws and regulations. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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2025-5 Abstract 2025, 57 (5):  234-240.  Abstract ( 81 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (319KB) ( 3 )   Save References | Related Articles | Metrics