华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 71-81.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.04.008

• 冷战史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

二战后斯大林的德国政策再探讨(1945—1953)——基于与德国统一社会党领导人会谈记录的分析

葛君   

  1. 华东师范大学历史学系、周边国家研究院
  • 出版日期:2019-07-15 发布日期:2019-07-22
  • 作者简介:葛君,华东师范大学历史学系、周边国家研究院讲师(上海,200241)。
  • 基金资助:
    上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“冷战时期东、西德对华关系研究（1949—1989）”（项目编号：2018EL002）；华东师范大学人文社会科学2017年度青年预研究同名项目（项目编号：2017ECNU-YYJ004）。

Reexamination on Stalin's Policy towards Germany after the World War Ⅱ (1945-1953): Based on the Records of the Meetings with Leaders of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany

GE Jun   

  • Online:2019-07-15 Published:2019-07-22

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摘要： 二战结束后，斯大林在如何处理德国问题上的态度存在着某种张力，从而使得苏联在德国政策上的目标不够明确。斯大林起初尝试追求一个统一的、"联合政府"的德国，并希望它成为苏联与西方之间的一道安全屏障。但随着冷战的爆发以及"联合政府"政策在东欧的失败，斯大林一方面同意成立民主德国，另一方面却仍然要求把争取德国统一作为最重要的政治任务，并且在很长一段时间内不赞成在东德正式开展社会主义建设。1952年3月10日的"斯大林照会"是苏联力图阻止联邦德国融入西方集团的最后努力，在遭遇失败以后，斯大林最终接受了德国分裂的既成事实，但始终不愿意让苏联承担分裂德国的责任。这些状况间接导致了在他去世之后，苏联最高领导层在德国问题上出现了分歧。

关键词: 斯大林, 德国问题, 德国统一社会党, 民主德国

Abstract: After the World War II,there was some tension in Stalin's solution to the German Problem, which caused ambiguity of the Soviet Union's goal in German policy. At first Stalin pursued a unified Germany with a "coalition government" and hoped that it would become a buffer zone of security between the Soviet Union and the West. However,with the break of the Cold War and the failure of the "coalition government" policy in Eastern Europe,Stalin tacitly approved of the establishment of the GDR's government. On the other hand,he still demanded the struggle for the reunification of Germany as the most important political task,and he did not support the official socialist construction in East Germany for a long time. The "Stalin Note" on March 10th,1952 was his last attempt to prevent the integration of the FRG into the western alliance. After the failure of his attempt,Stalin finally accepted the fact of the German split,but he was unwilling to allow the Soviet Union to assume the responsibility of splitting Germany. Stalin's attitude towards the German Problem led to the disagreement in the highest Soviet leadership on the German Problem after his death.

Key words: Stalin, German Problem, SED, GDR