华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 25-34.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2020.03.002

• 语言学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

新中国少数民族文字创制的目标与成效——以土族文字考察为例

杜敏, 刘志刚   

  1. 陕西师范大学文学院, 西安, 710119
  • 发布日期:2020-05-22
  • 作者简介:杜敏,陕西师范大学文学院教授;刘志刚,陕西师范大学文学院博士研究生(西安,710119)。
  • 基金资助:
    教育部重大社科基金项目“语言与国家认同关系研究”（项目编号：19JZD028）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（项目编号：2017TS082）；陕西师范大学文学院重大项目培育“‘一带一路’西北地区少数民族语言使用状况调查研究”（项目编号：2015010）。

The Goals and Achievements of the Creation of Minority Characters in New China: A Case Study of Monguor Characters

DU Min, LIU Zhi-gang   

  • Published:2020-05-22

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摘要： 少数民族文字创制最初的目标：一是改变少数民族地区文化事业落后的状况，使其尽快适应社会主义的建设和发展；二是尽快提高少数民族地区人民的教育水平和文化素质；三是更好地发展和传承少数民族的语言文化。1979年创制的土族文字，充分保障了土族使用和发展自己民族语言文字的自由，体现了土族知识分子对民族语言文化发展的担当，一定程度上促进了土族语言文化事业的发展。根据对土族群众语言文字生活的考察，土族新创文字于2001年后已停止试行，未能有效实现当初创制的目标。从文字发展规律、功能来看，土族文字的使用缺乏群众基础，未能有效拓展和弥补土族语的交际功能；对土族群众的扫盲教育作用有限。

关键词: 少数民族文字, 土族文字, 土族语言

Abstract: Initially, the creation of minority characters aimed to change the backward cultural state of minority ethnic groups to fit socialist construction and development as soon as possible, improve the educational level and the cultural quality of minority ethnic groups and accelerate the development and inheritance of minority languages and cultures. The creation of Monguor characters in 1979 fully guaranteed the freedom of the Monguor people to use and develop their own native language and characters, which showed the responsibility of the Monguor intellectuals for the development of their native language and culture. To some extent, it also promoted the development of the Monguor language and culture. According to the investigation of the actual situation of the application, trial use of the new Monguor characters has ceased since 2001. The original goals were not realized effectively. Judging from the perspective of the development laws and social functions of a written language, Monguor characters lack the mass base and fail to effectively expand or make up for the communicative functions of the oral Monguor language. The role of Monguor writing in literacy education is limited.

Key words: minority languages, Monguor characters, Monguor language