华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 136-144.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2022.06.015

• 医学人类学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

精神疾病的药物化过程——从化学失衡的大脑到作为生物性的人

黄剑波, 李达   

  • 接受日期:2022-10-14 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2022-12-03
  • 作者简介:黄剑波，华东师范大学人类学研究所教授（上海，200241）|李达，华东师范大学民族与发展研究中心博士研究生

The Medicinalization Process of Mental Disorder：From Chemical Imbalance of the Brain to Biological Human Beings

Jian-bo HUANG, Da LI   

  • Accepted:2022-10-14 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2022-12-03

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摘要：

随着生物医学的发展，精神疾病开启了药物治疗的时代。药物治疗在试图缓解人类精神痛苦的同时却导致了精神疾病的药物化。一方面精神药物的使用固化了将精神疾病视为大脑化学失衡的观念，进而直接或间接影响了精神医学研究和干预人类精神异常的路径；同时药物的使用成为精神疾病临床诊断的工具之一。另一方面，对于患者和大众，药物塑造了其对精神疾病的理解和观念，从而将精神痛苦身体化和日常生活化。在这一精神疾病药物化的进程之中，人类的精神痛苦被置于生物医学的框架之中，人被化约为完全生物性的人。药物的使用虽然可以缓解精神疾病的症状，但也规训了人类对精神痛苦的感受和理解，同时也限制了精神医学的发展，以及人们认识和干预人类精神痛苦的其他可能。

关键词: 生物医学, 精神疾病, 药物化, 大脑, 化学失衡

Abstract:

With the development of biomedicine, mental disorder has come to the era of drug treatment. Drug therapy in the attempt to relieve human mental suffering also leads to the medicinalization of mental disorder. On the one hand, the use of psychotropic drugs solidifies the idea that mental disorder results from brain chemical imbalance, which directly or indirectly affects the path of psychiatric research and the intervention in human mental disorder, and the use of drugs has become one of the tools of clinical diagnosis of mental disorder; on the other hand, for patients and the public, drug use shapes their understandings of mental disorder, regarding mental suffering as physical suffering in a daily life. In the medicinalization of mental disorder, human mental abnormalities are placed under the framework of biomedicine, and human beings are reduced to fully biological beings. While the use of drugs can alleviate the symptoms of mental disorder, it also disciplines the perception and understanding of mental suffering and limits the development of psychiatric medicine and other possibilities for recognizing and intervening in human mental disorder.

Key words: biomedicine, mental disorder, medicinalization, brain, chemical imbalance