华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 72-84.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2024.02.007

• 中国史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

周秦之际天命观的多重内涵及其演变

谢乃和   

  • 接受日期:2024-02-27 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-04-08
  • 作者简介:谢乃和，东北师范大学历史文化学院世界文明史研究中心教授（长春，130024）
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项2022年度重大招标项目“中国礼制文化与国家治理研究”（项目编号：22VLS004）；国家社科基金一般项目“封建制与商周早期国家治理体系研究”（项目编号：20BZS020）。

The Multiple Connotations and Evolution of the Concept of the Mandate of Heaven during the Periods of Zhou and Qin

Naihe Xie   

  • Accepted:2024-02-27 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-04-08

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摘要：

周秦之际天命观具有鬼神之天命、规律之天命和心性之天命等多重内涵。西周时期天命观是一种以鬼神之天命为核心内涵同时侧重于国家治理层面的天命观，但也含有后世规律之天命和心性之天命等天命观念之因子。在西周天命观的基础上，春秋战国时期鬼神之天命在国家宗教领域仍广有影响，但随着东周权力结构由王政走向霸政进而再度走向统一，社会思想领域里规律之天命、心性之天命则日益发展成主流。不惟如此，东周诸子还对上古天命观多重内涵进行了哲理化的理论建构，对中国古代政治哲学产生了深远的影响。

关键词: 周秦之际, 天命观, 鬼神, 规律, 心性

Abstract:

During the periods of Zhou and Qin, the concept of the mandate of Heaven had multiple connotations such as the mandate of ghosts and gods, the mandate of law and the mandate of the heart-mind and nature. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the concept of the mandate of Heaven was based on the mandate of ghosts and gods and meanwhile emphasized the governance of the state. However, it also contained some elements of the mandate of law and the mandate of the heart-mind and nature. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the mandate of ghosts and gods continued its influence in the sphere of national region. However, as the power structure of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty moved from royal government to hegemony and then to unification, the mandate of law and the mandate of the heart-mind and nature in the sphere of social ideology gradually became dominant. Moreover, philosophers in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty conducted theoretical construction to interpret the pluralistic connotations of the concept of the mandate of Heaven inherited from previous times, which had made a profound impact on ancient Chinese political philosophy.

Key words: periods of Zhou and Qin, mandate of Heaven, ghosts and gods, law, heart-mind and nature