华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 40-54.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2024.06.004

• 历史研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

现代西方历史哲学的康德式疑难与维柯－马克思的历史科学解答

陈祥勤   

  • 接受日期:2024-10-17 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-12-02
  • 作者简介:陈祥勤，上海社会科学院中国马克思主义研究所、马克思主义学院研究员（上海，200020）
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金一般项目“中国特色社会主义道路的原创性贡献研究”（项目基金：21BKS060）。

The Kantian Difficulties in Modern Western Philosophy of History and the Solutions in Vico-Marx’ Science of History

Xiangqin Chen   

  • Accepted:2024-10-17 Online:2024-11-15 Published:2024-12-02

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摘要：

现代西方历史哲学有着思辨的历史哲学和批判的历史哲学两大理论传统。这两大传统在某种意义上可以被视为康德的批判哲学在历史领域的重演：前者涉及历史作为形而上学是否可能的问题；后者涉及历史作为经验科学如何可能的问题。它们各自所遭遇的问题甚至也是康德式的：思辨的历史哲学遭遇的是理性在超验领域面临的辩证幻象问题；批判的历史哲学遭遇的是知性在经验领域面临的自在之物问题。要化解现代西方历史哲学所遭遇的康德式疑难，就应当回到维柯－马克思的历史科学传统，重演历史哲学的批判议程，从而给出合理性的回应或解答。

关键词: 历史哲学, 康德哲学, 维柯－马克思, 历史科学

Abstract:

In modern Western philosophy of history, there are two theoretical traditions: one is speculative and the other is critical. These two traditions can be regarded as the recapitulations of Kant’s critical philosophy in the field of history: the former is related to the issue on the possibility of history as metaphysics; the latter related to the issue on the possibility of history as empirical science. Moreover, their difficulties are also Kantian: the difficulties of critical philosophy of history are analogous to the dialectical illusion of reason in the transcendental field, whereas the difficulties of speculative philosophy of history are analogous to the issue of thing-in-itself that “understanding” encounters in the experience sphere. To solve such Kantian difficulties, we have to recapitulate Kantian process of critical philosophy in the field of history, and to give the reasonable solutions on the basis of Vico-Marx’s science of history.

Key words: philosophy of history, Kant’s philosophy, Vico-Marx, science of history