华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 69-79.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2024.06.006

• 语言学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

名词短语的某些歧义结构与通格的制约关系

金立鑫   

  • 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-12-02
  • 作者简介:金立鑫，江苏师范大学语言科学与艺术学院特聘教授（徐州，221116）

The Restrictive Relation between Ambiguous Structures and Absolutive Case

Lixin Jin   

  • Online:2024-11-15 Published:2024-12-02

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摘要：

该文讨论汉语语法中五类具有歧义解读的名词短语。它们分别是“N+的+V”、“V+的+N”、名词性的“V+N”、“N+（V+N）”和“N1+N2”。其中前四类歧义结构与结构内名词具有通格的句法属性有关。该名词相对动词具有不及物动词行为者的语义角色，同时也有及物动词受事的语义角色（这一句法现象与世界施格语言中的通格成分属性一致）。在上下文自由的条件下，这两个语义角色处于“薛定谔的猫”的叠加态，有两种不同的语义解读。但只要进入具体语境，它们各自的语义角色便得到准确定位（类似量子坍塌）。最后一种“N1+N2”比较奇特，如果两个名词都具备词汇施事特征，则这两个名词可以互为施事或受事，从而引发两种不同的语义解读。

关键词: 通格, 名词短语, 结构歧义, 句法角色

Abstract:

This paper discusses five types of ambiguous noun phrases in Chinese grammar: “N+de+V”, “V+de+N”, nominal “V+N”, “N+ (V+N)”, and “N1+N2”. The ambiguity in the first four structures is related to the absolutive case properties of the nouns within the structure. These nouns can assume the semantic role of the subject of an intransitive verb or the patient of a transitive verb (like the properties of absolutive constituents in ergative languages). In a context-free setting, these two semantic roles exist in a superimposed state, akin to Schr?dinger’s cat, leading to two possible semantic interpretations. However, once placed in a specific context, their respective semantic roles become precisely determined (like quantum collapse). The fifth type, “N1+N2”, is particularly unique. If both nouns possess lexical agentive features, they can act as either agent or patient to each other, resulting in two distinct semantic interpretations.

Key words: absolutive case, noun phrases, structural ambiguity, semantic roles