华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 168-186.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.014

• 社会经济发展问题探讨 • 上一篇    

中国企业供应链演变:脱钩断链还是强链稳链?

杨连星, 陈丰   

  • 接受日期:2025-09-04 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-10-09
  • 作者简介:杨连星,华东师范大学经济与管理学院教授(上海,200062)
    陈丰,华东师范大学统计学院硕士研究生(上海,200062)
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重点项目“区域贸易协定深化对制造业碳排放影响机理与对策研究”(项目编号:23AJL009)。

The Evolution of Chinese Enterprises’ Supply Chains:Decoupling and Disrupting vs. Strengthening and Stabilizing

Lianxing Yang, Feng Chen   

  • Accepted:2025-09-04 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-10-09

摘要:

在全球经贸不确定性加剧的背景下,供应链韧性已成为企业竞争力与国家经济安全的关键支点。本文基于企业税收调查数据和“企查查”数据库,以及覆盖2011—2020年330万对的企业微观供应链数据,构建指标体系,通过分析企业层面供应链韧性和供应链网络数据发现,中国企业的整体供应链韧性呈持续上升趋势,企业供应链体系从“中心—边缘”模式转向多节点、去中心化与高协同的弹性网络结构,企业供应链发生结构性重构与功能跃迁,在“脱钩断链”风险下企业普遍采取多元布局和强化合作机制。异质性方面,内资企业供应链韧性整体优于外资企业,在政策支持和国产替代推动下卡脖子行业供应链韧性水平显著改善,战略性新兴产业借助技术进步逐步形成多元化供应链结构。进一步分析发现,制造业、采矿业、信息技术服务业等关键领域企业的供应链韧性提升尤为突出,网络结构加速重组。上述结论对推动中国打造自主可控的供应链,提升供应链韧性和安全水平,具有重要的现实价值。

关键词: 供应链韧性, 强链稳链, 卡脖子行业, 战略性新兴产业

Abstract:

Against the backdrop of intensifying global economic and trade uncertainties, supply chain resilience has become a pivotal driver of firm competitiveness and a cornerstone of national economic security. Drawing on the National Enterprise Tax Survey and the Qichacha database, this study constructs micro-level supply chain indicators covering 3.3 million enterprise-to-enterprise pairs from 2011 to 2020.By analyzing firm-level supply chain resilience and network structures, we find that the overall resilience of Chinese enterprises’ supply chains has exhibited a steady upward trend. Supply chain systems are evolving from a “core–periphery” configuration toward a multi-nodal, decentralized, and highly collaborative elastic network structure, reflecting structural reconstruction and partial functional upgrading. Broadly aware of the risks of “chain disruption”, firms have proactively adopted diversified layouts and strengthened cooperation to mitigate vulnerabilities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that domestic enterprises outperform foreign-invested firms in enhancing supply chain resilience. In “bottleneck” industries, resilience has significantly improved under policy support and domestic substitution initiatives, while strategic emerging industries have developed diversified supply chain structures by leveraging technological advancements. Further evidence shows that, with accelerated network restructuring, resilience improvements are particularly pronounced in key sectors such as manufacturing, mining, and information technology services. This study offers important insights for fostering autonomous and controllable supply chains in China. It also provides policy implications for strengthening and stabilizing supply chains and improving resilience and security levels.

Key words: supply chain resilience, strengthening and stabilizing supply chains, bottleneck industries, strategic emerging industries