华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (1): 136-149.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2026.01.013

• 中国式现代化:构建新发展格局 • 上一篇    

机器人应用、产业结构转型与劳动收入份额变动

盛垒, 张玺   

  • 接受日期:2025-12-24 出版日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-02-02
  • 作者简介:盛垒,上海社会科学院研究员(上海,200020)
    张玺,通讯作者,淮南师范学院经济与管理学院校聘副教授(安徽淮南,232038)
  • 基金资助:
    上海市曙光计划项目“保护性破坏——‘僵尸企业’对就业的影响研究”(项目编号:20SG56);东方英才青年项目。

Robot Application,Industrial Structure Transformation and the Changes in the Labor Income Share

Lei Sheng, Xi Zhang   

  • Accepted:2025-12-24 Online:2026-01-15 Published:2026-02-02

摘要:

人工智能时代,“机器换人”趋势愈演愈烈,机器人的大规模应用对我国劳动力市场产生了深刻影响。本文运用IFR等数据构建城市工业机器人渗透度作为机器人应用的度量指标,利用2006—2019年285个城市的平衡面板数据,实证探讨机器人应用对劳动收入份额的影响及其作用机制,结果发现:机器人应用显著促进了城市劳动收入份额提升,且一系列稳健性检验和内生性分析结果均支持这一结论;机制分析表明,机器人应用推动城市产业结构转型,提升了劳动收入份额;异质性分析表明,机器人应用对服务业、东部地区、服务业发展程度中等和较高城市的劳动收入份额提高具有显著促进作用,而对制造业及其细分行业、西部地区和服务业发展程度较低城市的劳动收入份额变化产生了显著负向影响。上述结论对地方政府推动智能技术应用、优化产业结构、调整收入分配等带来了重要政策启示。

关键词: 工业机器人, 机器人应用, 劳动收入份额, 产业结构转型

Abstract:

In the era of artificial intelligence, the trend of “machines replacing humans” is becoming increasingly fierce, and the large-scale application of robots has had a profound impact on China’s labor market. This study constructs a measure of urban industrial robot penetration as an indicator of robot adoption using data from IFR and other sources. A balanced panel dataset covering 285 cities from 2006 to 2019 is developed to empirically examine the impact of robot adoption on labor income share and its underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal that robot adoption significantly promotes the growth of urban labor income share, and this conclusion is robust to a series of sensitivity tests and endogeneity analyses. Mechanism analysis indicates that robot adoption facilitates industrial restructuring, thereby enhancing labor income share. Heterogeneity analysis shows that robot adoption has a significant positive effect on labor income share in the service sector, eastern regions, and cities with moderate to high levels of service sector development, while it exerts a significant negative impact on labor income share in the manufacturing sector and its sub-industries, western regions, and cities with lower levels of service sector development. This study provides valuable policy implications for local governments in promoting intelligent technology adoption, optimizing industrial structures, and adjusting income distribution.

Key words: industrial robot, robot application, labor income share, industrial structure transformation