华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (3): 148-166.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2026.03.014

• 中国式现代化:构建新发展格局 • 上一篇    

家庭住房负债对就业选择的性别差异影响研究

胡丁培, 虞晓芬, 胡明志   

  • 出版日期:2026-05-15 发布日期:2026-05-30
  • 作者简介:胡丁培,嘉兴大学商学院讲师(嘉兴,314001)
    虞晓芬,浙江工业大学中国住房和房地产研究院教授(杭州,310014)
    胡明志,通讯作者,浙江工业大学管理学院/中国住房和房地产研究院副教授
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“住房供需错配、社会福利损失与治理”(项目编号:72274176);国家自然科学基金青年项目“流动人口居住状态、社会融合与幸福感机制研究”(项目编号:72104088)。

Gender Differences in Employment Choices under Household Housing Debt

Dingpei Hu, Xiaofen Yu, Mingzhi Hu   

  • Online:2026-05-15 Published:2026-05-30

摘要:

基于2014—2022年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,结合其他微观数据,从性别分工视角探究家庭住房负债对两性就业选择的差异化影响,结果发现:(1)住房负债显著促进女性劳动参与,而对男性劳动参与没有显著影响。根据性别分工理论,男性作为家庭经济主要支柱,其劳动参与相对稳定;而承担家庭照料职责的女性,更可能因住房负债带来的经济压力从专注于家庭事务转向劳动力市场。(2)住房负债的就业促进效应主要体现在已婚女性群体,特别是具有隔代照料支持家庭的女性。(3)住房负债促使女性选择灵活性较高的自雇创业和兼职工作以兼顾家庭与工作,而男性在此方面则不受影响。(4)住房负债显著增加男性工作强度,而由于家庭责任的制约,女性工作强度未显著提高。上述结论为推动高质量充分就业、完善房地产市场调控以及引导家庭合理负债提供了政策启示。

关键词: 住房负债, 就业选择, 女性劳动参与, 性别分工, 性别差异

Abstract:

Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2014 to 2022, combined with other micro-data, this paper examines the differential effects of housing debt on the employment choices of males and females from the perspective of gender division of labor. The main findings are as follows: (1) Housing debt significantly increases female labor force participation, whereas it exerts no statistically significant effect on male labor force participation. Drawing on the gender division of labor theory, men, who are traditionally regarded as the primary breadwinners, tend to maintain stable engagement in the labor market. In contrast, women, who typically bear the primary responsibility for family caregiving, are more likely to enter or re-enter the labor force in response to the financial pressures associated with housing debt. (2) The positive effect of housing debt on labor force participation is most pronounced among married women, particularly those with access to intergenerational caregiving support. (3) Housing debt drives women to opt for flexible employment arrangements, such as self-employment and part-time work, in order to better balance work and family obligations, while men remain unaffected by such financial pressures in this regard. (4) Housing debt significantly increases work intensity among men, whereas women’s work intensity remains relatively stable; this discrepancy is primarily attributed to the constraints imposed by women’s caregiving responsibilities within the household. The research findings provide policy implications for advancing high-quality and full employment, refining real estate market regulation, and guiding households to maintain rational debt levels.

Key words: housing debt, employment choice, female labor force participation, gender division of labor, gender difference