华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2011, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 1-8.

• 哲学研究 •    下一篇

老庄道家的批判精神

冯达文   

  1. 中山大学哲学系，广州，510275
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2011-05-15 发布日期:2011-07-29
  • 通讯作者: 冯达文

The Critical Spirit of Taoist School

Feng Dawen   

  1. Department of Philosophy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2011-05-15 Published:2011-07-29
  • Contact: Feng Dawen

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25

被引次数

7

摘要： 老庄道家对人与天地宇宙的分隔、社会-国家的纷争和道术的分裂，怀有一大悲情。人与天地宇宙的分隔，源于“人耳人耳”的一种力图挣脱自然本根的“主体性”追求。随着这种追求的越加强烈，人背离天地宇宙越远，人越加丧失自己生存的依据。人与天地宇宙的分隔，又从心智的开启、工具的发明开始。心智的开启、工具的发明，出自功利的追求并强化着这种追求。由之，人不仅与天地宇宙分隔与对立，个人与他人和社会陷于分隔与对立。人被迫陷入双重的对立与冲突之中，再也无法摆脱。人类社会的进步与文明，带来的是悲剧性的运命！老子从宇宙论支撑了他对进步与文明的批判，建构起“回归自然”的社会理想；庄子则从对人类认知可靠性的深刻反思，引出了“荒诞意识”与“艺术人生”。

关键词: 老庄道家, 文明批判, 宇宙论, 荒诞意识, 艺术人生

Abstract: Taoists concern deeply with the separation of human being from the cosmos, the social and political disputes and the splitting of the Art of Tao. The separation of human being from the cosmos results from anthropologically subjective impulse which tries to break away from its natural rootedness. Human being becomes more and more strange with the cosmos, and loses its basis of existence gradually. The separation of human being from the cosmos also results from the enlightenment of mentality and the invention of tool. Social progress and civilization bring tragic fate to human being at last! Laozi criticizes the progress and civilization based on cosmology, and constructs his social idea of “Back to Nature”; whereas Zhuangzi introduces his “consciousness of absurdity” and “art of life” based on the reflection of the validity of human cognition.

Key words: Taoist School, critique of civilization, cosmology, consciousness of absurdity, art of life