华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2013, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 39-45.

• 现代新儒学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

良知与公共理性的道德基础

李洪卫   

  1. 河北工业大学社会科学部,天津,300401
  • 出版日期:2013-11-15 发布日期:2014-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 李洪卫
  • 作者简介:李洪卫
  • 基金资助:

    本文系河北省社会科学基金项目“良知与中国公共哲学的建立”(HB12ZX006)的阶段性成果。

Innate Knowledge and the Moral Foundation of Public Reason

LI Hong-wei   

  • Online:2013-11-15 Published:2014-02-24
  • Contact: LI Hong-wei
  • About author: LI Hong-wei

摘要: 罗尔斯的公共理性涉及公民的合作意向和彼此互动的“相互性”即等利害问题,康德也曾经就此问题给出过自己的证明。儒家的良知学突出个体与他人关系中的“共感”:伤生若己。其中既包含着先天的同情心即对他人困境的同情和彼此援助的责任,也包含着彼此公平对待的情感面向,这一点在以往是有所忽视的,它的终极的实证根据是个体的万物一体的体悟。孔子强调人与人之间以德报德尤其是“以直报怨”说明了儒家这个层面的立场,这反映了儒家良知学之公共性的诉求,昭示其有成为构建公共理性的可能基础之一。

关键词: 良知, 相互性, 公共理性,

Abstract: Similar to Kant, Rawls’ doctrine of public reason involves issues such as citizens’ cooperation intention and reciprocity. It has been ignored that the Confucian doctrine of liangzhi (innate knowledge) emphasizes the “common-sense” between the self and others: to hurt others is to hurt oneself. This contains not only the inborn sympathy (that is, the sympathy to others’ predicaments), the responsibility of mutual assistance, but also the sentiment of treating each other in a fair way. The ultimate empirical evidence for the “common-sense” of the personal experience is that “all things are one body”. This Confucian position is demonstrated in Confucius’ stress on “repay a good turn with a good turn”, especially “repay an injury with straightness”. The public appeal in the Confucian doctrine of innate knowledge makes it possible to be a foundation for the construction of public reason.

Key words: innate knowledge, reciprocity, public reason, straightness innate knowledge, reciprocity, public reason, straightness