“全面二孩”政策背景下生育对城镇女性职业中断的影响研究

doi:10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2019.01.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着"全面二孩"政策的深入推行，城镇女性的生育习惯与生育行为逐渐发生改变，面临因生育及二次生育而职业中断的窘境，聚焦生育与职业中断成为当前女性就业工作的重要环节。基于相关数据，运用固定效应模型测度城镇女性职业中断的影响因素，借助Probit模型剖析生育对城镇女性职业中断的影响与作用机制，结果显示：生育和抚养意愿越强的女性越容易发生职业中断，生育年龄越大、生育间隔越长越有利于女性就业；家庭照料、就业支持和育儿假正向影响女性再就业；生育保险、生育津贴和托幼服务对避免女性职业中断具有积极效果，劳动合同、就业培训和就业补助是女性就业的重要保障，性别歧视会加重女性职业中断。因此，应健全"二孩"配套政策，优化社会支持体系；在家庭内部建立工作-家庭平衡机制，完善家庭照料体系；重塑组织文化，最大限度地吸纳女性就业；努力提升女性人力资本存量，从而营造高涵养力的就业环境，建立健全生育与就业保障体系。

关键词: "全面二孩"政策, 生育, 城镇女性, 职业中断, 充分就业

Abstract:

With the implementation of the "Universal Two-Child Policy", urban women's reproductive habits and fertility behaviors have gradually changed, facing the dilemma of career interruption due to childbirth and second childbirth. Focusing on childbearing and career interruption has become an important part of women's employment at current stage. Based on the yearbook and survey data, this paper uses the Fixed-Effect Model to measure the influencing factors of urban women's career interruption, and the Probit Model to analyze the influence of fertility on career interruption and its mechanism. The results show that women with stronger fertility and supportive desires are more likely to experience career interruption. The older childbearing age, as well as the longer birth interval, is more conducive to women's employment; family care, employment support and parental leave are positively affecting women's re-employment; maternity insurance, maternity benefits and childcare services have positive effects on avoiding career interruption; labor contracts, employment guidance and employment subsidies are important guarantees for women's employment; and gender discrimination can aggravate career interruption. We should improve the supporting policy for two-child families, establish a work-family balance mechanism within the family, strive to increase the stock of women's human capital, create an employment environment with high resilience, and establish a sound system of fertility and employment security.

Key words: Universal Two-Child Policy, fertility, urban women, career interruption, full employment

张樨樨, 杜玉帆. “全面二孩”政策背景下生育对城镇女性职业中断的影响研究[J]. 华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版), 2019, 51(1): 159-168.

ZHANG Xi-xi, DU Yu-fan. The Effect of Fertility to the Career Interruption of Urban Women under the Background of “Universal Two-Child Policy”[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Philosoph, 2019, 51(1): 159-168.

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