华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 96-110.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2023.04.009

• 人类学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

“孤独的太平间”：死亡医学化背景下的遗体意义

潘天舒, 唐沈琦   

  • 接受日期:2023-06-23 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-08-01
  • 作者简介:潘天舒，复旦大学人类学民族学研究所所长、教授（上海，200433）|唐沈琦，复旦大学人类学民族学研究所博士研究生
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金重大项目“公共卫生安全视域下的‘灾害文化’与强韧社会构建研究” （项目编号：20&ZD152）

“The Solitary Mortuary”：The Meanings of Remains in the Context the Medicalization of Death

Tian-shu PAN, Shen-qi TANG   

  • Accepted:2023-06-23 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-08-01

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摘要：

在当代社会，遗体的流动范围正不断超出亲属组织的界限，被更庞大且陌生的社会组织接管。在死亡医学化的趋势之下，死亡图景愈发集中在医院。作为医学知识的空间装置以及医院制度的构成部分，医院太平间成为接管患者遗体的场所。在医院太平间内，存在两种遗体观念：一种是西方医学体系中将遗体客体化并加以切割凝视的知识与文化传统，另一种则是中国社会思想脉络中情感的、伦理的、互渗的遗体观念。田野研究显示，两者间虽存在一定的张力，但又能在太平间的商业活动中被加以弥合。

关键词: 太平间, 遗体观念, 死亡医学化

Abstract:

In modern society, the scope of the flow of remains is continually exceeding the boundaries of family organizations and being taken over by larger and impersonal social organizations. Under the trend of the medicalization of death, the hospital has become the focal point of death and dying. As a spatial device of medical knowledge and a constituent of the hospital system, the mortuary has become a place for taking charge of patients’ remains. In the mortuary, there are two concepts of remains: one pertains to the Western medical system’s knowledge and cultural tradition that objectifies and dissects dead bodies, the other is the emotional, ethical, and mutually permeable concept of remains within the context of Chinese social thought. Despite the tension between them, anthropological research finds that these two concepts can be reconciled in commercial activities in the mortuary.

Key words: mortuary, concepts of remains, the medicalization of death