华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 1-10.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2025.05.001

• 哲学研究 •    

从金岳霖到冯契——哲学思想的传承与推进

杨国荣   

  • 接受日期:2025-09-03 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-10-09
  • 作者简介:杨国荣，华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所（上海，200241）、浙江大学马一浮书院暨西北师范大学教授

From Jin Yuelin to Feng Qi：The Inheritance and Advancement of Philosophical Thinking

Guorong Yang   

  • Accepted:2025-09-03 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-10-09

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摘要：

金岳霖与冯契是中国现代哲学的重要代表，从金岳霖到冯契，既体现了中国现代哲学的衍化，也形成了值得关注的学术脉络。冯契早年曾受教于金岳霖，晚年则通过系统讲授金岳霖哲学，对其思想作了反思。金岳霖曾对感觉经验作了考察，并提出“所与是客观的呈现”的看法，肯定了感觉经验的可靠性；冯契通过将感性领域的所与和实践过程联系起来，使“所与”理论获得了更为现实的基础。在概念问题上，金岳霖认为概念具有摹写与规律二重作用，冯契则从思维辩证法的角度，对其作了阐发。对归纳问题，金岳霖将客观的秩序视为从特殊到普遍的内在基础，由此使归纳获得了本体论的根据；冯契则进一步考察了其中分析与综合相结合、归纳与演绎相结合的辩证过程。在对认识过程的理解中，冯契将问题以及意见和观点引入认识论，既对金岳霖思想作了阐发，也展现了新的认识论见解。进一步看，冯契又把名言之域与超名言之域和知识与智慧的关系沟通起来，认为从名言之域走向超名言之域的转化，具体表现为从知识到智慧的飞跃。在形而上学问题上，冯契对《论道》 形式化趋向作分析，并将金岳霖的本然学说发展为本然界、事实界、可能界、价值界的理论，其中既包含理论洞见，也蕴含可以进一步思考的问题。

关键词: 金岳霖, 冯契, 金冯学脉

Abstract:

Jin Yuelin and Feng Qi are important representatives of modern Chinese philosophy. The transition from Jin Yuelin to Feng Qi not only reflects the evolution of modern Chinese philosophy but also forms a significant academic lineage. Feng Qi, who was once a student of Jin Yuelin, reflected on Jin’s philosophy in a series of lectures in his later years. Jin Yuelin examines sensory experience and proposes that “the given is the objective presence”, affirming the reliability of sensory experience. By linking the given in the realm of sensibility with the process of practice, Feng Qi provides a more realistic foundation for the theory of the “given”. On the issue of concept, while Jin Yuelin argues that a concept has dual functions of description and prescription, Feng Qi elaborates on this from the perspective of dialectical thinking. As for induction, Jin Yuelin regards objective order as the intrinsic basis for moving from the particular to the universal, thus providing an ontological foundation for induction. Feng Qi further explores the dialectical process of induction, including the unity of analysis with synthesis and that of induction with deduction. As for the process of knowing, Feng Qi introduces the issues of questions, opinions, and viewpoints into epistemology, both elaborating on Jin’s theory and presenting new epistemological insights. He also connects the realms of the effable and the ineffable on the one hand with the relation between knowledge and wisdom on the other, arguing that the transformation from the effable to the ineffable is concretely manifested as a leap from knowledge to wisdom. In metaphysics, Feng Qi analyzes the formalist tendency in Jin’s A Treatise on Dao and develops Jin’s theory of the original into a theory of the four worlds, i.e., the original world, the world of facts, the world of possibilities and the world of values, which contains both theoretical insights and issues for further discussion.

Key words: Jin Yuelin, Feng Qi, academic lineage of Jin-Feng