华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (2): 93-103.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5579.2026.02.009

• 语言学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

前中古期汉语后高元音前化和引起的元音系统重组

赵庸   

  • 出版日期:2026-03-15 发布日期:2026-03-31
  • 作者简介:赵庸，中国人民大学文学院教授（北京，100872）
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金一般项目“明清以来杭州话的语音文献整理与历时音变研究”（项目编号：23BYY099）。

The Fronting of Back High Vowels and the Vowel Rephonologization in Chinese in the Pre-Middle Ages

Yong Zhao   

  • Online:2026-03-15 Published:2026-03-31

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摘要：

前中古期，汉语通语语音史上发生后高元音前化，涉及之部、微1部、微2部。东汉，微1、微2部合并完成后，最初由[+anterior前部性]特征韵尾拉动，微部元音开始前化，微部韵尾脱落后，前化扩大到之部。前化的启动早于高化，前化规则对长化规则在作用时间上完全涵合。前化伴随高化，引起一系列元音的系统重组，直接影响了中古咍灰侯皆脂之微尤齐韵的形成。之、微部演变彼此独立，后期才合流成《切韵》 格局。前化未形成链移形态。

关键词: 音变, 后高元音, 前化, 音系重组, 中古音系

Abstract:

In the Pre-Middle Ages, a phenomenon of back high vowels fronting occurred in the history of the phonology of the common Chinese language, involving the rhyme groups Zhi, Wei1 and Wei2. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, after the merging of the rhyme groups Wei1 and Wei2, the vowel of the rhyme group Wei began to front influenced by the ending with [+anterior] feature. Later, the ending disappeared and the vowel of the rhyme group Zhi also began to front. The vowel fronting started earlier than the vowel raising shift. The relationship between the fronting rule and the lengthening rule was incorporating. The vowel fronting, together with the vowel raising shift, led to a series of rephonologization, which directly affected the forming of the rhymes Hai, Hui, Hou, Jie, Zhi, Zhi, Wei, You and Qi. The rhyme groups Zhi and Wei evolved independently, only merging later to form the structure reflected in the Qieyun. There was no chain shift during the vowel fronting.

Key words: sound change, back high vowels, fronting, rephonologization, phonology in the Pre-Middle ages