华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 1-14.

• 特稿 •    下一篇

面对历史机遇:中美关系和解与中朝关系(1971-1974)

沈志华   

  1. 华东师范大学冷战国际史研究中心,上海,200241
  • 出版日期:2014-01-15 发布日期:2014-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 沈志华
  • 作者简介:沈志华

Facing a Historical Opportunity:The Sino-American Rapprochement and Sino-North Korean Relations(1971-1974)

chen zhi hua   

  • Online:2014-01-15 Published:2014-03-02
  • Contact: chen zhi hua
  • About author:chen zhi hua

摘要: 中美关系实现和解是双方走出外交困境的需要,同时也为朝鲜问题以和平方式得到解决提供了一个机会。中国政府在与美方进行外交谈判的过程中,注意关照朝鲜的利益和要求,并承诺帮助朝鲜实现其和平统一的愿望。经过中国的外交协商及各方努力,很快解决了撤销联合国韩国统一复兴委员会的问题。在解决朝鲜问题中,中方采取了现实主义的态度,而朝方则显得急于求成。主要是因为朝韩关系转向紧张状态,美国撤军问题迟迟无法得到解决,但借助中美关系缓和的东风,朝鲜的国际地位和安全环境得到很大改善。在此期间,中朝关系始终保持友好并有所发展,总体来讲,中国还是尽力了帮助朝鲜,尽管平壤对此并不满足。

关键词: 中美关系, 中朝关系, 联合国朝鲜问题

Abstract: To extricate themselves from diplomatic predicaments,both China and the United States needed a rapprochement in their relationship. At the same time,it offered a historical opportunity for the peaceful resolution of the Korean issue. In its diplomatic negotiations with the United States,the Chinese government paid special attention to the interests and demands of North Korea and promised to assist Pyongyang in achieving peaceful unification. With China’s diplomatic maneuvers with the United States and efforts at the UN,the United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea was disbanded in November 1973. In this process,North Korea adopted more radical and uncompromising measures,which were in sharp contrast to the Chinese tactics. Primarily due to the escalated tension between South and North Koreas,the issue of U.S. withdrawal from South Korea was not resolved. Taking advantages of the Sino-American rapprochement,the international standing and security environment of North Korea was greatly enhanced. During this period of time,China and North Korea was able to maintain friendly relations,and the relationship was further improved. In sum,China made an effort to help North Korea,while North Korea depended too much on China.

Key words: Sino-American relations, Sino-North Korean relations, the Korean issue at the UN