华东师范大学(哲学社会科学版) ›› 2013, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1-17.

• 20世纪中国社会思潮研究 •    下一篇

革命世纪与哲学激进主义的兴起

高瑞泉   

  1. 华东师范大学哲学系暨中国现代思想文化研究所,上海,200241
  • 出版日期:2013-11-15 发布日期:2014-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 高瑞泉
  • 作者简介:高瑞泉
  • 基金资助:

    本文系教育部重大攻关项目“20世纪中国社会思潮研究”(07JZD0006)的阶段性成果。

The Revolutionary Era and the Rising of Philosophical Radicalism

GAO Rui-quan   

  • Online:2013-11-15 Published:2014-02-24
  • Contact: GAO Rui-quan
  • About author: GAO Rui-quan

摘要: 在经历了激进主义反思的二十年以后,需要对20世纪中国的激进主义有更为正面的讨论。作为与保守主义、自由主义构成三角关系,被用为分析现代社会公共思想史工具的“激进主义”概念,不仅包含某种“态度”或“倾向”,而且包括实质性的理论内涵即“主义”,而它的出现及其社会植根性之证成,根本上需要从“革命世纪”的社会史来获得解答。20世纪的中国革命,不但是政治的、文化的,更是整个社会结构的基础性变迁。从1895年到1995年,可以描述出激进主义在“革命世纪”兴衰的图景。它包含政治、文化、哲学多个向度。哲学激进主义是政治激进主义或文化激进主义的哲学辩护,也是政治—文化激进主义的精神内核。它大致包括进步主义、社会革命论、平等主义和功利主义等四项,它们如何共同构成激进主义的哲学基础,则需要做更为深入的谱系学分析。

关键词: 革命, 激进主义, 进步主义, 功利主义

Abstract: After a critical reflection on radicalism for 20 years, more positive discussion is in need about the Chinese radicalism in the 20th century. Radicalism, which forms a triangle with the conservatism and liberalism and serves as an instrument in analyzing the modern public intellectual history, not only shows an “attitude” or “tendency”, but also embraces some substantial theoretical “doctrine”. The social foundation for its birth can only be understood from the perspective of the social history of the “revolutionary era”. The revolution in China in the 20th century is not only political and cultural, but involves a fundamental transformation in social structure as well. The period from 1895 to 1995 has witnessed the whole “rising-declining” picture of the radicalism in the “revolutionary era”. Radicalism has political, cultural, philosophical and other dimensions. Philosophical radicalism not only provides the philosophical defense but also serves as the spiritual core for political and cultural dimensions of radicalism. The philosophical radicalism includes roughly four aspects: progressivism, the doctrine of social revolution, equalitarianism and utilitarianism. A deeper genealogical analysis is required to examine how these aspects jointly lay a philosophical foundation for radicalism.